tree-sitter-batch

Windows Batch/CMD grammar for tree-sitter.

Parses .bat and .cmd files into a concrete syntax tree for syntax highlighting, code navigation, and analysis.

Features

• Control flow — IF/ELSE (EXIST, DEFINED, ERRORLEVEL, comparison with NOT), FOR (/D /R /L /F), GOTO, CALL, EXIT /B
• Variables — SET (plain, /A arithmetic, /P prompt, display-only without =), %VAR%, !VAR!, %%i, %~dp0, %VAR:old=new%, subscripted delayed expansion !ARR[%%i]!, for-variable modifiers %%~dpnxf %%~zS %%~$PATH:F, escaped forms %%VAR%% %%%%i
• Echo — free-form text with literal ( ) ! %, inline strings, and variable references
• Operators — pipes |, redirects > >> < 2> 2>&1 (fds 0-9, including variable handles >&%FD% / <&%FD%), conditional && ||, separator &
• Line continuation — trailing caret ^ joins the current line with the next (e.g. "%JAVACMD%" ^ followed by indented arguments)
• Commands — bare names, variable references as command, and quoted paths ("C:\path\app.exe" args, call "%SCRIPT%" %*)
• Structure — labels :name, comments REM ::, parenthesized blocks (including @(...)), @ECHO OFF, macro invocations, DosTips idioms (call,) / (call;) / (call) for ERRORLEVEL manipulation
• Scope — SETLOCAL/ENDLOCAL with ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION
• Polyglot headers — tolerates batch/PowerShell <# ... #> header lines and batch/VBScript lines marked with a trailing 'VBS so SysToolsLib-style dual-language scripts parse cleanly
• Case-insensitive — all keywords match regardless of casing

Example

@echo off
REM Build script
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion

set "PROJECT=MyApp"
set /a VERSION=1

if not exist "dist" (
  mkdir dist
)

for %%f in (src\*.txt) do (
  copy "%%f" "dist\"
)

if %ERRORLEVEL% == 0 (
  echo Build successful
) else (
  echo Build failed
  exit /b 1
)

exit /b 0

Parsed tree:

(program
  (echo_off)
  (comment)
  (setlocal_stmt)
  (variable_assignment
    (set_keyword) (variable_name) (assignment_value))
  (variable_assignment
    (set_keyword) (arithmetic_assignment (set_option) (arithmetic_expression)))
  (if_stmt
    (string)
    (parenthesized
      (cmd (command_name) (argument_list (argument_value)))))
  (for_stmt
    (for_variable)
    (for_set (for_set_literal))
    (parenthesized
      (cmd (command_name) (argument_list (string) (string)))))
  (if_stmt
    (variable_reference)
    (comparison_op)
    (argument_value)
    (parenthesized
      (cmd (command_name) (argument_list (argument_value) (argument_value))))
    (else_clause
      (parenthesized
        (cmd (command_name) (argument_list (argument_value) (argument_value)))
        (exit_stmt (integer)))))
  (exit_stmt (integer)))

Installation

npm

npm install tree-sitter-batch

Cargo

cargo add tree-sitter-batch

PyPI

pip install tree-sitter-batch

Go

import tree_sitter_batch "github.com/wharflab/tree-sitter-batch/bindings/go"

The root package also exports the bundled queries/highlights.scm via go:embed:

import batch "github.com/wharflab/tree-sitter-batch"

lang := batch.GetLanguage()
query, _ := batch.GetHighlightsQuery()
// or access the raw .scm source:
// raw := batch.HighlightsQuery

Usage

Node.js

import Parser from "tree-sitter";
import Batch from "tree-sitter-batch";

const parser = new Parser();
parser.setLanguage(Batch);

const tree = parser.parse(`@echo off\necho Hello World\n`);
console.log(tree.rootNode.toString());

Rust

let mut parser = tree_sitter::Parser::new();
let language = tree_sitter_batch::LANGUAGE;
parser.set_language(&language.into()).unwrap();

let tree = parser.parse("@echo off\necho Hello\n", None).unwrap();
println!("{}", tree.root_node().to_sexp());

Python

from tree_sitter import Language, Parser
import tree_sitter_batch

parser = Parser(Language(tree_sitter_batch.language()))
tree = parser.parse(b"@echo off\necho Hello\n")
print(tree.root_node.sexp())

Syntax Highlighting

The grammar ships with a queries/highlights.scm file for use in editors that support tree-sitter highlighting (Neovim, Helix, Zed, etc.).

References

• Grammar informed by Blinter batch file linter (159 rules)
• SS64 CMD reference
• Microsoft CMD documentation

License

MIT