tuya2ildevice

The one place that interprets Tuya. A Sans-IO Rust engine with a thin Python wrapper: takes a Tuya device as rustuya / rustuya-bridge know it and produces an ildevice: descriptor, live values and events from dps packets, and dps for ildevice commands. MQTT, TCP and other transports belong to the host. The engine opens no sockets and reads no clock. Other projects (rustuya-local, ildevice hosts, rustuya-manager) import this instead of carrying their own Tuya knowledge.

pip install tuya2ildevice              # no dependencies;  [test] for the tests

from tuya2ildevice import TuyaDriver, Connected, Message, Command, descriptor_of

# device and rules are decoded data supplied by the host.

descriptor_of(device, rules=rules)                 # just the ildevice descriptor of a tuyadevices.json entry
d = TuyaDriver(device, rules=rules)                # the state machine (il.md section 8)
d.handle(now, Connected())            # -> [Descriptor]
d.handle(now, Message("active", {"1": True}))   # -> [Value(...), Event(...)]
d.handle(now, Command("switch_1", "off"))    # -> [SendMessage("set", {"dps": {"1": False}})]  or  [Reject(...)]

Portable rules and Rust engine

The Python TuyaDriver delegates classification, descriptor assembly, commands, value conversion, quirks, delta accumulation and cover state to Rust through a JSON C ABI. The wheel includes the native library; building from source requires Cargo (Rust 1.88 or newer). Another language binds the same two C functions (see the engine documentation).

Rust hosts can use RulePack, Driver, DriverOptions, Input and Output directly, keeping device state in memory without serializing it for each packet. Packs are caller-owned Arcs; failed inputs leave the driver unchanged. See the Rust API.

rules/builtin/00-default.json is the canonical rule pack. Every device interpretation is data: platform/category tables, and per platform an entity spec — its roles and their DP candidates, how a plan is built, the state it reads, the actions it writes and the properties it lays out — plus units, mappings, feature bits and quirks. The engine supplies only the interpreter, DP types and codecs, so changing these rules (even adding a platform) does not require rebuilding Rust. The host supplies rules explicitly, optionally composing decoded layers with merge_rules. TUYA_ENGINE_LIBRARY selects another native library. Packs are cached by content for the process lifetime.

A converters.declarative override adds computed values, write commands and state/timer programs using JSON expressions; there are no code plugins. See the rule language, ABI and build instructions.

Packets and commands

• Numeric properties use the native unit of their values. For example, a plug reporting 500 mA publishes 500 with unit mA; a suggested display unit such as A does not change the wire unit or magnitude.
• Message(channel, json): active (device push: fires events, accumulates add_ele-style deltas) or passive / state (readback, snapshot: values only; with delta.accept_passive, a passive report adds its delta too, see Delta settings). json is a flat {dp: value} map (the host has already decoded whatever the bridge's own wire payload looked like — see the host boundary below).
• Command(prop, value) is checked as il.md section 5 says before anything is sent; failures come back as Reject. Values convert as in Home Assistant core (brightness goes through 0..255), so a written value can differ slightly from what is read back. A cover's position is the device's own number, never mirrored (core mirrors it); a device that counts the other way is set so by its cover settings (below).
• A passive report (a live one: the host drops retained ones) that changes a value is the device's own push, like active: converters see it as live; one that changes nothing is a readback. Events fire only from active. state, the bridge's merged view of what active / passive carried, is a snapshot: the first one after a connect sets everything, a later one only what it alone brings, and never as a push. An increment (report_type: sum) is added only from active.
• Covers of class garage/gate are read only unless TuyaDriver(..., allow_hazardous=True) (il.md S-1).
• A dp no platform table claims gets no property, as in Home Assistant core; TuyaDriver(..., expose_unused=True) gives each one a property chosen by its Tuya type. Integer, Enum and Boolean are writable only if the dp is in function; String, Raw, Json and Bitmap are read-only. config if writable, else diagnostic.
• Assembled: switch, button, select, number, sensor, binary_sensor, event, light, cover, fan, siren, valve, humidifier, climate, alarm (kind alarm), vacuum. Not assembled: camera (a stream is outside the IL; driver.unsupported lists it). A doorbell alarm_message event loses its message text (an ildevice event has only a kind).

User overrides

Tuya devices are fragmented: a cloud schema can give a dp a non-standard code, leave a dp out, speak other words (on/off/pause instead of open/close/stop) or run a position the other way. Overrides fix that in Tuya's own terms, before classification, so the fixed device goes through the same tables as any other and every IL consumer (il-ha, a discovery publisher, ...) sees the fix.

TuyaDriver(device, rules=rules, overrides=mapping); mapping is {product_id or device id: block}, already loaded (merge_all([...]) merges several, later wins). File discovery and loading belong to the host. The block format is described below; Rust validates and applies it:

{ "<product_id>": {
    "dp":     {"104": {"code": "percent_control", "type": "Integer", "values": {"min": 0, "max": 100, "scale": 0, "step": 1}},
               "101": {"code": "control"}},
    "remove": ["percent_state"],
    "category": "cl",
    "remap":  {"control": {"alias": {"on": "open", "off": "close", "pause": "stop"}}},
    "cover":  {"invert_position": true, "settle": 5},
    "delta":  {"accept_passive": true},
    "props":  {"countdown_1": {"label": "Timer", "category": "config", "rw": false}},
    "device": {"model": "Sliding Window Opener"},
    "converters": {"declarative": {"props": {"glow": {"type": "binary"}}, "update": []}},
    "expose_unused": true } }

A property defined from a dp builds what the tables cannot, such as a cover from a position dp alone (a window opener whose category has no cover table):

{ "<product_id>": {
    "dp":     {"104": {"code": "percent_control", "type": "Integer", "mode": "RW",
                       "values": {"unit": "%", "min": 0, "max": 100, "scale": 0, "step": 1}}},
    "device": {"kind": "cover", "class": "window"},
    "props":  {"position": {"src": "percent_control", "role": "position"},
               "open":     {"src": "percent_control", "type": "trigger", "role": "open", "send": 100},
               "close":    {"src": "percent_control", "type": "trigger", "role": "close", "send": 0},
               "battery":  {"src": "residual_electricity", "role": "battery", "category": "diagnostic"}} } }

Its type follows the dp's (Boolean binary, Integer number, Enum select, others text) unless given; min, max, step, unit and options come from the dp unless given; it is writable when the dp is in function (rw: false makes it read only); a trigger writes its send value. Values go through remap like any other.

Unknown keys raise OverrideError. To reload rules or overrides, the host creates a replacement driver, optionally calls new.carry(old) to preserve compatible delta totals, and feeds its current snapshot. The host handles descriptor replacement and removed properties for its transport.

Cover settings

Which way a cover's position and commands run, and whether its motion is inferred, are the cover's settings, not remap: a curtain whose direction is wrong is fixed from its own configuration switches. TuyaDriver(device, rules=rules, device_settings=True) (a host with somewhere to keep them) offers each switch only where it changes something:

A cover with a target opens and closes by writing it (100 / 0), and its command dp only stops it: it has no Invert control. The switches are binary, the state source is select; all are rw, category: config, and show the settings in effect; a hazardous cover's (garage, gate, ...) are read only unless allow_hazardous. A later cover of the device (control_2, ...) has its own, named by its group (control_2_cover_invert_position).

Writing a switch sends nothing to the device: the driver answers with the value and SettingsChanged(block), with the device's whole settings block (e.g. {"cover": {"invert_position": true}}) for the host to keep (rustuya-local keeps it in zz_settings.json in its rules directory and reloads).

The same settings are a cover block in any override file, where a product's block is the starting point for its devices and a device's (the switches write the device's) wins:

A later cover's keys go in an object under its group's name: {"cover": {"invert_position": true, "control_2": {"invert_position": true}}}. An inversion is laid over the dp's remap (a remap.invert there cancels it), and the swap is composed with the dp's remap.alias, so a device that says on / off / pause keeps its alias.

The state source decides the cover's cover_state (open / closed / opening / closing / stopped):

• control maps live open/close/stop reports directly to opening/closing/stopped, even without position feedback. Boolean true/false and FZ/ZZ/STOP use the same control vocabulary as inference. The order on input is remap.alias, invert_control (where applicable), then invert_reported_motion, which swaps only opening/closing from control reports: it never changes sent commands, positions, inferred direction or endpoint states. Live stop is always stopped. Position updates alone do not settle a directly reported movement, and this mode has no settle timer.
• inferred: a control word can start motion; subsequent position feedback corrects its direction, while an independent target can be compared with the current position. A shared current/target DP is never compared against itself. Without independent feedback, command direction and arrival cannot be verified; a target-only update does not prove movement.
• none generates only the resting state from the position, never movement.

Retained snapshots/readbacks (state, and non-live passive reports) never start motion: their control may be the last command. A relevant snapshot reports only the position's resting state (closed at 0, open at 100, stopped between), or no state without position. Disconnect clears motion; reconnect/reload seeds only the resting state and waits for a live report. Duplicate live reports do not republish unchanged state.

A declarative converter that defines a cover's cover_state owns it: that cover gets neither the built-in state producer nor its source/direction switches. Other covers of the device are independent.

Settings remain saved while their switches are hidden: target inversion is dormant while current and target share a DP, and reported motion inversion is dormant outside control mode; switching back restores them. Current-position inversion follows the selected display source; when that source is also the target, it inverts both reads and writes. Property IDs and cover group IDs stay stable through source changes. A host reload cancels old timers and clears the old cover state before publishing a fresh snapshot; a bare sans-IO caller saves SettingsChanged and reloads, as for any switch.

Delta settings

A delta dp (report_type: sum, a plug's add_ele) reports the energy used since its last report, not a meter reading: its property is the running total tuya2ildevice adds up (series: counter), so a repeated increment (5, then 5 again) adds twice. The total is published in the DP’s native unit with its scale applied: for scale: 3 and unit kWh, a raw increment of 5 adds 0.005 kWh. By default only an active push adds: a passive report is a readback of what the device already pushed. A device that never pushes it, and reports it passively only, needs passive reports counted too:

It is the delta block's accept_passive (default false) in an override file, and saves as the cover switches do ({"delta": {"accept_passive": true}}). One report seen twice with the same Tuya t adds once; a readback the host asks for (a get, on a reconnect) carries no new increment but adds once more, so turn it on only for a device that does not push. A reload (an override or a setting changed) keeps the totals.

Model-specific fixes use the overrides section of the same rules JSON, either in the shipped defaults or in a user file.

Converters

A converters.declarative block derives properties from several dps with state and timers, and writes them back, as JSON programs in the rule language (see the engine documentation). Its properties may replace the tables' ones of the same name; one with rw: true (or a trigger) needs a write program. There are no code plugins: every converter is data and runs in the engine, so any binding drives it.

A cover's own cover_state comes from its cover settings (state_source), not from a converter. Timers come out as SetTimer; the host calls back with driver.handle(now, Timer(name)).

Rule files

The wheel ships the official rule pack in rules/builtin/, including 00-default.json, additional official layers and their manifest. Hosts load official layers in filename order, then user files from their rule directory. User files contain partial rule objects, for example:

{
  "overrides": {
    "my_product": {
      "cover": {"invert_position": true}
    }
  }
}

The host reads rule files and chooses their order. Pass decoded layers to merge_rules(layers, base=rules); objects merge recursively, arrays and scalars replace earlier values, {"$delete": true} removes a member, {"$append": [...]} extends an array, and null is literal. An invalid final rule set is rejected. There is no automatic rule loading.

from tuya2ildevice import merge_rules

custom = merge_rules(user_layers, base=rules)["rules"]
driver = TuyaDriver(device, rules=custom)

Host boundary

A host keeps one TuyaDriver per device and supplies decoded inputs and an explicit now. The driver returns ildevice data, independent of MQTT, TCP or in-process consumption.

The host executes timer requests and returns Timer(name), persists settings, manages devices and snapshots, and implements its transport's framing, subscriptions, presence and retained-message policy. The driver never requests bridge registration or automatic get operations.

Python construction requires rules=...; JavaScript uses Driver.handle(now, input) with the same JSON tags. Rule object declaration order is part of the driver's rule fingerprint: missing, invalid or changed packs are rejected, and changing rules requires a replacement driver. Neither binding reads rule files or a clock.

Layout

rules/         user layers; builtin/ holds the bundled official rule pack and manifest
rust/engine/   rule interpreter, Tuya primitives, explicit driver state, C ABI and the rule-pack schema
src/tuya2ildevice/
  native.py    ctypes transport, library loading and rule-pack cache
  driver.py    TuyaDriver: one device's state JSON through the engine
  io.py        inputs and outputs as data
scripts/       generators (HA core tables, quirks, host units, Tuya categories) and build_rules.py, which folds
               their output into the rule pack
bindings/js/   a JavaScript binding over the WebAssembly build, with a smoke test

The engine reproduces Home Assistant core's tuya integration exactly, including its quirks, and the golden tests pin it: tests/golden/golden.json is core's own entity snapshots for every fixture. For a new HA core / tuya-device-handlers release, review its changes against the canonical JSON rules and golden tests.

One deliberate exception: where Tuya's own category list (scripts/data/tuya_categories.json, generated by scripts/gen_tuya_categories.py from Tuya's standard instruction set page) disagrees with core, Tuya's list wins. The decisions are data too (scripts/data/tuya_standard_rules.json, applied by scripts/standard.py when scripts/build_rules.py builds the pack's platform tables): a kg ("Switch") category's switches are switch, not core's outlet plug icon; cz ("Socket") and pc ("Power strip") stay outlet. The golden tests apply the same file to core's expectations, and each such difference is a tagged deviate row in docs/engine-spec.md (P-28).

A second one: a cover's position is not mirrored. The bridge shows the device's number and so does the IL; an installation inverts a device that counts the other way itself (its cover settings). The golden tests mirror core's expected position and position writes where core mirrored them (core_reverses in tests/test_golden.py).

Tests

cargo test --locked --manifest-path rust/Cargo.toml
pip install -e .[test] && python -m pytest

tests/test_adapter.py compares the raw-dps adapter with the Tuya SDK and is skipped unless tuya-device-sharing-sdk==0.2.15 is installed. The spec repository (../ildevice, or $ILDEVICE) supplies the schema and the language-neutral vectors (commands, wire values, topics) read directly from its checkout; those tests are skipped if it is not there. tests/chain/ compares every Home Assistant core tuya fixture with core's entity snapshots through an IL host's HA-free planner (needs that host's ildevice.core on sys.path; not collected without it).

Release builds

Release workflow builds and tests 13 platform wheels:

Push a v*.*.* version tag to publish the wheels and source archive to PyPI after all jobs pass. PRs affecting release inputs and manual workflow runs build artifacts without publishing. Configure PyPI Trusted Publishing for release.yml and the pypi environment. Users installing a supported wheel need no Rust toolchain.