ufw-audit 1.12.0

UFW firewall audit tool — cross-checks rules against listening services

Lire en français · Technical documentation

🔒 ufw-audit

Smart UFW security audit — fast, readable, actionable.

Analyses your UFW configuration, exposed services and logs to detect real risks, with clear recommendations.

---

⚡ TL;DR

sudo apt install pipx && pipx ensurepath
# open a new terminal, then:
pipx install ufw-audit
sudo ~/.local/bin/ufw-audit --install-completion
sudo ufw-audit

---

🛠 Installation

Prerequisites

• Linux: Debian, Ubuntu, Mint or derivative
• UFW: sudo apt install ufw
• pipx: sudo apt install pipx && pipx ensurepath

Open a new terminal after pipx ensurepath to activate the PATH.

Install

pipx install ufw-audit

Enable sudo + bash completion

pipx installs the binary in ~/.local/bin/, which is not in sudo's restricted PATH. --install-completion creates the symlink /usr/local/bin/ufw-audit and installs the bash completion script:

sudo ~/.local/bin/ufw-audit --install-completion
source /etc/bash_completion.d/ufw-audit

After this step, sudo ufw-audit works normally.

Update

pipx upgrade ufw-audit

Uninstall

pipx uninstall ufw-audit

---

🚀 Why ufw-audit?

• 🔍 Full audit — firewall, services, ports, logs, DDNS, Docker, virtualisation
• 🎯 Smart prioritisation — score + classification (OK / Warning / Action required)
• 🧠 Context-aware — network exposure + service criticality
• 🛠 Optional auto-fix — corrections proposed or applied automatically
• 📊 Clear output — human-readable + scriptable
• 🌍 Bilingual EN/FR

---

🔎 What the tool analyses

🔥 Firewall (UFW)

• Active/inactive status
• Dangerous rules (allow from any)
• IPv4 / IPv6 consistency
• Duplicates and errors

🌐 Exposed services (22+)

• SSH, Redis, PostgreSQL, Docker, etc.
• Detection via systemd / active ports
• Real exposure, risk level, UFW consistency

📡 Ports

• Open ports (ss)
• Interfaces (loopback / LAN / public)
• Unintended exposures

📜 UFW logs

• Suspicious attempts, brute-force detection
• IP analysis (optional GeoIP)

☁️ DDNS / Docker / Virtualisation

• Advanced network correlations
• Indirect exposure detection

---

📊 Example output

✔ Firewall active
⚠ SSH exposed to the Internet
✖ Redis open without restriction

Score: 6/10
→ Action required

---

▶️ Usage

sudo ufw-audit           # standard audit
sudo ufw-audit -f        # interactive fix mode
sudo ufw-audit -f -y     # auto-fix without confirmation
sudo ufw-audit -v        # verbose
sudo ufw-audit -q        # silent — exit code 0/1/2/3
sudo ufw-audit --french  # French interface

---

🔌 Custom services (plugin system)

Drop a .json file into ~/.config/ufw-audit/services.d/ to add services that are not in the built-in registry.

mkdir -p ~/.config/ufw-audit/services.d/
# create my-services.json — same format as ufw_audit/data/services.json

Note (pipx / sudo): ufw-audit requires sudo. Under sudo, ~ resolves to /root.
Place your plugin files in /root/.config/ufw-audit/services.d/ for them to be active at runtime.

This will change in a future .deb release, where the system-wide directory /etc/ufw-audit/services.d/ will be used instead.

---

🤖 Automation

• 🕒 Built-in cron (--install-cron)
• 📧 Email notifications (HTML + plain text)
• 📁 Report management (--manage-logs)
• 🔁 Multi-job scheduling (--manage-cron)

Email notifications require a working Postfix setup. See AUTOMATION.md for step-by-step configuration instructions.

---

🧪 Quality & reliability

• ✅ 1675 unit tests
• 🧱 Modular architecture (snapshot / check separated)
• 🧪 Tested on Debian, Ubuntu, Kali, Mint

---

🆕 v1.11.0

• 📖 --explain Phase A2 — 20→33 explainable keys (11 new SSH directives, fail2ban, kernel modules, pipe_to_shell, enabled_inactive)
• 👤 User Account Audit (CHECK 17) — UID 0 non-root accounts (ALERT, −3 pts), empty passwords on login-capable accounts (ALERT, −2 pts), expired accounts (INFO)
• 🔑 Password Policy Audit (CHECK 18) — no PAM quality module (WARN, −1 pt), explicit minlen < 8 (WARN, −1 pt), PASS_MAX_DAYS ≥ 365 (INFO only — NIST SP 800-63B)
• ✅ 1675/1675 unit tests (+134)

v1.10.0

• 💡 --explain hint — every actionable finding now shows ? ufw-audit --explain <key> directly under it in the summary box
• 🧩 Kernel Module Audit (CHECK 14) — detects loaded risky kernel modules (cramfs, hfs, squashfs, usb_storage, dccp, sctp, rds, tipc); −1 pt per category (max −2 pts)
• 🕐 Cron Job Audit (CHECK 15) — flags curl/wget | sh pipes in cron (−2 pts), world-writable scripts (−1 pt), unexpected user crontabs (INFO)
• ⚠️ Service State Audit (CHECK 16) — warns when a security service (ufw, fail2ban, apparmor, auditd…) is enabled at boot but currently inactive/failed; −1 pt per service (max −3 pts)
• ✅ 1541/1541 unit tests (+209)

v1.9.0

• 📦 System Updates Audit (CHECK 13) — detects pending security packages (−2 pts flat) and absent unattended-upgrades (−1 pt compound risk); apt-based, deduplicates package names
• 📖 --explain KEY — structured per-finding explanation: WHY IT IS A RISK / HOW TO FIX / CIS Ubuntu 22.04 reference; 20 keys; --explain list shows all; no root required
• 🌐 Webhooks — --webhook URL POSTs audit result after each run; generic (Grafana/custom) and Slack formats (auto-detected); non-fatal, stdlib-only
• 📊 Domain Scores — per-domain security sub-scores (SSH / Files & Access / Updates / Hardening / Firewall & Services) displayed in terminal + included in JSON and webhook
• 🔄 --diff mode — silent audit + delta-only display (what changed since last audit)
• ✅ 1332/1332 unit tests (+228)

v1.8.0

• 🔑 SSH Security Audit (CHECK 11) — full sshd_config analysis (15 directives: +AllowTcpForwarding, +PubkeyAuthentication; weak Ciphers/MACs/KEX), private key audit (type, size, passphrase), authorized_keys, ~/.ssh/config, known_hosts
• 🔐 Sensitive Files & Sudoers (CHECK 12) — permissions on /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/gshadow, /etc/group, /etc/sudoers; SSH host key permissions; NOPASSWD:ALL detection in sudoers
• 👤 Real-user targeting — SSH check inspects SUDO_USER's home directory, not root's
• 🖥️ Distro-aware install hints — detects apt/dnf/pacman/zypper/apk and proposes the right install command when SSH is absent
• 🌐 i18n fix — "What to do?" / "Que faire ?" label now fully translated (was hardcoded French)
• 📋 INFO detail in verbose mode — -v now shows recommendation details for INFO findings
• ✅ 1104/1104 unit tests (+138)

v1.7.0

• 🎛️ Audit profiles — named profiles (server, workstation, container) shipped as .conf files; --profile=NAME CLI flag, persisted across runs
• 🔑 Deduction.key — deterministic profile override matching; no heuristics on translated strings
• 📧 Multi-email cron — --install-cron now supports multiple notification recipients
• 🗑️ Bulk cron delete — --manage-cron supports d:1,3 / d:1-3 / d:all
• 📉 Ephemeral port filter — comparative report no longer floods with transient UDP ports (Avahi, VPN…)
• 🔄 --reset-baseline — clears the stored audit baseline and exits
• ✅ 966/966 unit tests

v1.6.0

• 🛡️ Hardening check — unattended-upgrades, rp_filter, ICMP redirects, fail2ban, AppArmor, log_martians, ICMP broadcast
• 🔗 IPv6 consistency — cross-checks kernel IPv6 / UFW IPv6 / active IPv6 listeners
• 📊 Comparative report — score delta, port changes, service changes since last audit
• 🔌 Plugin API — third-party check functions via ufw_audit.checks entry-point group
• ✅ 928/928 unit tests

v1.5.0

• 🖥️ Banner enriched — kernel version, iptables version and build, nftables version displayed at startup
• 🔥 Firewall Stack Analysis — new section detecting raw iptables ACCEPT rules bypassing UFW, nftables rulesets running in parallel, and unexpected IP forwarding
• 🌐 Network Context — new section showing active network interfaces (type, status, IP) and established TCP connections
• ✅ 766/766 unit tests

v1.4.0

• 🔌 Plugin system — drop .json files into ~/.config/ufw-audit/services.d/ to add custom service definitions
• ⚙️ Process-aware port findings — uncovered ports with an identified process produce a WARN (improvement) instead of ALERT (action), with a disclaimer note
• 📊 --json / --json-full — SIEM-ready JSON output modes
• 🛡️ Default deny awareness — uncovered ports downgraded to INFO when UFW default policy is deny/reject (no false alerts on hardened systems)
• ✅ 676/676 unit tests

---

🧠 Philosophy

Not just listing ports — understanding the real risk.

ufw-audit prioritises what matters: real exposure, attack surface, potential impact.

---

📁 Project structure

Automated-UFW-audit/
├── README.md / README_FR.md        # project overview (EN/FR)
├── LICENSE
├── pyproject.toml                  # build config (pip/pipx install)
├── DOCUMENTS/
│   ├── README_TECH.md / _FR.md     # complete technical reference
│   ├── README_DEV.md / _FR.md      # developer documentation
│   ├── CHANGELOG_FULL.md / _FR.md  # full version history
│   ├── TESTING.md / _FR.md         # test plan & validated scenarios
│   └── AUTOMATION.md / _FR.md      # cron & automation guide
├── ufw_audit/                      # Python package
│   ├── checks/                     # firewall, services, ports, logs, ddns, docker, virt, ssh
│   ├── data/
│   │   ├── services.json           # 22 built-in service definitions
│   │   ├── profiles/               # built-in audit profiles (server, workstation, container)
│   │   └── ufw-audit.bash-completion
│   │   # ~/.config/ufw-audit/services.d/  ← user plugin directory (sudo: /root/...)
│   │   # ~/.config/ufw-audit/profiles/    ← user-defined audit profiles
│   └── locales/
│       ├── en.json
│       └── fr.json
└── tests/                          # 1049 unit tests

---

📄 License

MIT — © 2026 Cédric Clauzel

---

🤝 Contributing

Bug reports, new detections, UX improvements — contributions welcome.