uplm80 0.3.0

Highly optimizing PL/M-80 compiler targeting Z80

uplm80 - PL/M-80 Compiler

A modern PL/M-80 compiler targeting Zilog Z80 assembly language.

PL/M-80 was the primary systems programming language for CP/M and other 8080/Z80 operating systems. This compiler can rebuild original CP/M utilities from their PL/M source code.

Repository: https://github.com/avwohl/uplm80

Features

• Full PL/M-80 language support
• Targets Z80 instruction
• Multi-file compilation with cross-module optimization
• Multiple optimization passes (peephole, post-assembly tail merging)
• Generates relocatable object files compatible with standard CP/M linkers
• Produces code competitive with the original Digital Research compiler

Code Quality

Compiled output is comparable to the original Digital Research PL/M-80 compiler:

Program	DR PL/M-80	uplm80	Difference
PIP.COM	7424 bytes	7127 bytes	-4.0%

Installation

Quick install from PyPI:

pip install uplm80 um80 upeepz80

Platform-specific guides:

• Raspberry Pi: See README_RASPBERRY_PI.md
• General/Development: See INSTALL.md

Or install from source:

git clone https://github.com/avwohl/uplm80.git
cd uplm80
pip install -e .

Usage

Compile PL/M-80 to Assembly

uplm80 input.plm -o output.mac

Or run as a module:

python -m uplm80.compiler input.plm -o output.mac

Options:

• -m cpm or -m bare - Runtime mode (default: cpm)
  • cpm: For new PL/M programs, maximum stack under BDOS
  • bare: Original Digital Research compatible (jump to start-3)
• -o output.mac - Output file name
• -O 0|1|2|3 - Optimization level (default: 2)
• -D SYMBOL - Define conditional compilation symbol (can be repeated)

Multi-File Compilation

Compile multiple source files together for optimal cross-module optimization:

uplm80 main.plm helper.plm library.plm -o output.mac

When multiple files are provided:

• All files are parsed together before code generation
• A unified call graph is built across all modules
• Local variable storage (??AUTO) is optimally allocated based on which procedures can be active simultaneously across module boundaries
• A single combined output file is generated

This produces better code than compiling files separately, as the compiler can share local variable storage between procedures in different modules that never call each other.

Assemble and Link

Use your preferred Z80 assembler and linker. Example with um80/ul80:

um80 output.mac                              # Assemble to .rel
ul80 -o program.com output.rel runtime.rel   # Link to CP/M .com

Language Reference

PL/M-80 is a typed systems programming language with:

• Data types: BYTE (8-bit), ADDRESS (16-bit)
• Variables: Scalars, arrays, structures, BASED variables (pointers)
• Control flow: DO/END, DO WHILE, DO CASE, IF/THEN/ELSE
• Procedures: With parameters, local variables, recursion
• Built-in functions: HIGH, LOW, DOUBLE, SHL, SHR, ROL, ROR, etc.
• I/O: INPUT, OUTPUT for port access

Example:

hello: DO;
    DECLARE message DATA ('Hello, World!$');
    DECLARE i BYTE;

    print: PROCEDURE(addr) PUBLIC;
        DECLARE addr ADDRESS;
        /* CP/M BDOS print string */
        CALL mon1(9, addr);
    END print;

    CALL print(.message);
END hello;

See examples/hellocpm.plm for a complete working example. A drop-in Makefile that drives the full uplm80 → um80 → ul80 pipeline (with optional ud80/ux80 disassembly targets) is available at docs/example.Makefile — contributed by Martin Homuth-Rosemann (@Ho-Ro, issue #5).

For more on CP/M BDOS usage, see docs/BDOS_REFERENCE.md.

Conditional Compilation

Later versions of PL/M-80 added conditional compilation directives embedded in comments. This allows the same source to be compiled for different configurations (e.g., CP/M 2.2 vs CP/M 3, single-user vs MP/M).

Directives

Directive	Description
/** $set (NAME) **/	Define a symbol
/** $reset (NAME) **/	Undefine a symbol
/** $cond **/	Enable conditional compilation
/** $if NAME **/	Include following code if NAME is defined
/** $else **/	Else branch
/** $endif **/	End conditional block

Example

/** $set (CPM3) **/
/** $cond **/

DECLARE
/** $if CPM3 **/
    VERSION LITERALLY '30H',
/** $else **/
    VERSION LITERALLY '22H',
/** $endif **/
    MAXFILES BYTE;

Command Line

Symbols can also be defined from the command line:

uplm80 pip.plm -D CPM3 -D MPM -o pip.mac

Runtime Library

The compiler generates calls to these runtime routines (provide in a separate .rel file):

Routine	Description
??MUL	16-bit unsigned multiply
??DIV	16-bit unsigned divide
??MOD	16-bit unsigned modulo
??SHL	16-bit shift left
??SHR	16-bit logical shift right
??SHRS	16-bit arithmetic shift right
??MOVE	Block memory move

Runtime Modes

The first 100H bytes of a CP/M program's memory are reserved by the operating system (zero page, default FCB, default DMA buffer). All CP/M .COM programs load at address 100H, so a CP/M binary's contents start at offset 0 of the file — the linker takes care of relocating to 100H. PL/M source files should not declare 100H: themselves; doing so causes the assembler to emit a cseg org 100H, which the linker then honors by padding the binary with 256 zero bytes from 0–FFH. See the bare mode notes below for the one situation where a leading address constant is meaningful.

CP/M Mode (default: -m cpm)

The mode to use for new PL/M-80 programs. The compiler emits a small entry preamble that takes maximum stack space under BDOS and returns cleanly to CP/M:

• The compiler emits the entry code at the start of the .com image — do not write 0100H: in your source. The linker (ul80) defaults to origin 100H, which is what CP/M wants.

• Entry preamble (auto-generated):

  ld   hl,(6)       ; load BDOS base from address 6
  ld   sp,hl        ; stack grows down from just below BDOS
  call MAIN         ; run your main procedure
  jp   0            ; warm-boot return to CP/M when MAIN returns
  

• Stack: maximum available — everything between program end and BDOS.

• Requires CP/M stubs in your runtime: MON1, MON2, MON3, BOOT.

• System variables: BDISK, MAXB, FCB, BUFF, IOBYTE.

Bare Metal Mode (-m bare)

The mode required to rebuild original Digital Research utilities (PIP.PLM, ED.PLM, etc.) byte-compatibly. These programs follow the Intel PL/M-80 convention of jumping to start − 3 to skip over a local stack area:

• Entry preamble (auto-generated):

  jp   ??START      ; skip over the stack buffer
  ds   64           ; 64-byte local stack
  ??STACK:          ; top of stack
  ??START:
  ld   sp,??STACK   ; use the local stack
  jp   MAIN         ; jump (not call) into MAIN
  

• The program controls its own exit — no automatic warm boot. Original DR utilities reboot or chain by writing to memory directly.

• Custom entry points: because the entry preamble lives in the first few bytes of the image, original programs sometimes prepend a DECLARE … DATA(...) block to forge a different jump (see PIP.PLM, which fakes a JMP table at page 1). In bare mode the leading address constant (e.g. 0100H: or 0200H:) is meaningful — it sets the assembler org for the bare image.

• Compatible with original Intel/DR PL/M-80 sources.

Project Structure

uplm80/
├── compiler.py      # Main compiler driver / CLI
├── frontend.py      # plox-driven lexer + LR parse → AST
├── preprocess.py    # PL/M preprocessor ($INCLUDE, $if, LITERALLY, ...)
├── ast_nodes.py     # AST definitions
├── ast_optimizer.py # AST-level optimizations
├── codegen.py       # Z80 code generator
├── runtime.py       # Runtime helpers
├── symbols.py       # Symbol table
├── errors.py        # Diagnostic exception types
└── data/            # Pre-built plox grammar bundle (plm_full.json)

Peephole optimization is provided by the external upeepz80 package; the front-end is generated from plox grammars (plm_pre + plm_full) and loaded at import time from the JSON bundle in data/.

License

This project is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0 or later - see the LICENSE file for details.

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit issues and pull requests.

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