ut-xls 2.0.0.20251021

Utilities for Excel files.

ut_xls

Overview

Excel ‘Utilities’

The package ut_xls ís a collection of interface modules to the following ‘Python Excel Utilities’

1. openpyxl

2. pyexcelerate

3. pandas dataframe excel functions

4. polars dataframe excel functions

Installation

The package ut_xls can be installed from PyPI.

To install with pip:

$ python -m pip install ut_xls

Package files

lassification

The Package ut_xls consist of the following file types (c.f.: Appendix: Python Terminology):

1. Special files:

   1. py.typed

2. Special modules:

   1. __init__.py

   2. __version__.py

3. Sub-packages

   1. op Modules for Excel files using Openpyxl

      1. Modules for Excel I/O control

         1. iocwb.py I/O Control Module for Excel Workbooks

         2. Modules for Excel Input control accessed by path key

            1. pathkioiwb.py Input Module for Excel workbooks using path key

            2. pathkioowb.py Output Module for Excel workbooks using path key

         3. Modules for Excel Input control accessed by path

            1. pathioiwb.py Input Module for Excel workbooks using path

            2. pathioowb.py Output Module for Excel workbooks using path

            3. pathiouwb.py Update Module for Excel workbooks using path

            4. pathioiws.py Input Module for Excel worksheets using path

      2. wb.py Module for Excel workbook processing

      3. ws.py Module for Excel worksheet processing

      4. rw.py Module for Excel worksheet row processing

   2. pd Modules for Excel files using pandas

      1. Excel I/O module

         1. pathkioiwb.py

         2. pathioiwb.py

         3. pathioowb.py

   3. pe Modules for Excel files using pyexcelerate

      1. Excel modules for dictionary of arrays

         1. doaos.py

         2. doaod.py

      2. Excel I/O modules

         1. iocwb.py

         2. pathkioowb.py

         3. pathioowb.py

   4. pl Modules for Excel files using pyexcelerate

      1. pathioiwb.py

I/O Control Module for Excel Workbooks

Module: iocwb.py

The Module iocwb.py is used to control I/O for Excel Worksheets using the Openpyxl package; it contains the following static classes:

Static classes of module iocwb.py

Name	Description
SheetNms	Manage Excel worksheet Names.
Ws	Manage Excel worksheets.

Class SheetNms

Methods

Methods of static class SheetNms

Name	Description
sh_sheetnms	Show Excel workheet names.
sh_sheetnm	Show Excel workheet name.

Method: sh_sheetnms

Parameter of method sh_sheetnms

Name	Type	Description
cls	class	current class.
sheetnms	TySheetnms	Excel sheet names.
sheet	TyAoSheet	Excel array of Excel sheets.

Return value of method sh_sheetnms

Name	Type	Description
sheetnms	TySheetnms	Excel sheet names.

Class Ws

The class Ws contains:

1. the static subclass Headers,

2. static- or class-methods.

Subclass: Headers

Methods of static class Headers

Name	Description
iter_column	Iterate over Worksheet columns.

Methods

Methods of class Ws

Name	Description
append_rows	Ierate over workbook sheet names.
filter_rows	Iterate over workbook sheets.
iter_sheet_lst
sh_headers
sh_aoa
sh_id
sh_chartsheet
sh_worksheet
to_aod_apply_fnc_to_value
to_aod_apply_str_to_value
to_rows
to_row_values
to_dic
update_ws_cell_from_df_with_d_body
update_ws_cell_with_d_head

Input module for Excel workbooks accessed with path names

Module: pathkioiwb.py

The Module pathkioiwb.py is used to control Input processing for Excel Worksheets refered by patn-names using the Openpyxl package; it contains the following static class IoiPathnmWb:

Methods

Methods of class IoiPathnmWb

Name	Description
load	Ierate over workbook sheet names.
read_wb_to_aod	Iterate over workbook sheets.
read_wb_to_doaod	Iterate over workbook sheets.
read_wb_to_aod_or_doaod	Iterate over workbook sheets.
read_wb_to_aoa	Iterate over workbook sheets.
sh_wb_adm	Iterate over workbook sheets.
sh_wb_del	Iterate over workbook sheets.
sh_wb_reg	Iterate over workbook sheets.

Input module for Excel workbooks accessed with path

Module: pathioiwb.py

The Module pathioiwb.py is used to control Input processing for Excel Worksheets refered by patn-names using the Openpyxl package; it contains the following static class IoiPathWb:

Methods

Methods of class IoiPathWb

Name	Description
load	Load Excel workbook accessed by path
read_wb_to_aod	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into array of dictionaries.
read_wb_to_doaod	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into dictionary of array of dictionaries.
read_wb_to_aod_or_doaod	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into array of dictionaries or dictionary of array of dictionaries.
read_wb_to_aoa	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into array of arrays. .
sh_wb_adm	Show Excel workbook with admin sheet.
sh_wb_del	Show Excel workbook with delete sheet.
sh_wb_reg	Show Excel workbook with regular (admin or delete) sheets.

Input module for Excel workbooks accessed with path names

Module: pathioiws.py

The Module pathioiws.py is used to control Input processing for Excel Worksheets refered by patn-names using the Openpyxl package; it contains the following static class IoiPathWs:

Methods

Methods of class IoiPathWs

Name	Description
read_ws_to_dic	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into dictionary.
read_ws_to_aod	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into array of dictionaries.
read_ws_filter_rows	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into array of dictionaries.
read_ws_to_aoa	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_sheetnames	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_ws_to_doaoa	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_ws_to_dowsop	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.

Output module for Excel workbooks accessed with path names

Module: pathkioowb.py

The Module pathkioowb.py is used to control Output processing for Excel Worksheets refered by patn-names using the Openpyxl package; it contains the following static class IooPathNmWb:

Methods

Methods of class IooPathNmbs

Name	Description
read_ws_to_dic	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into dictionary.
read_ws_to_aod	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into array of dictionaries.
read_ws_filter_rows	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into array of dictionaries.
read_ws_to_aoa	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_sheetnames	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_ws_to_doaoa	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_ws_to_dowsop	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.

Output Module for Excel workbooks accessed with path

Module: pathioowb.py

The Module pathioowb.py is used to control Output processing for Excel Worksheets refered by patn-names using the Openpyxl package; it contains the following static class IooPathWb:

Methods

Methods of class IooPathNmbs

Name	Description
read_ws_to_dic	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into dictionary.
read_ws_to_aod	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into array of dictionaries.
read_ws_filter_rows	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into array of dictionaries.
read_ws_to_aoa	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_sheetnames	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_ws_to_doaoa	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_ws_to_dowsop	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.

Update Module for Excel workbooks accessed with path

Module: pathioowb.py

The Module pathioowb.py is used to control Output processing for Excel Worksheets refered by patn-names using the Openpyxl package; it contains the following static class IooPathWb:

Methods

Methods of class IooPathNmbs

Name	Description
read_ws_to_dic	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into dictionary.
read_ws_to_aod	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into array of dictionaries.
read_ws_filter_rows	Read Excel workbook accessed by path into array of dictionaries.
read_ws_to_aoa	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_sheetnames	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_ws_to_doaoa	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.
read_ws_to_dowsop	Read Excel workbook accessed by path int oarray of arrays.

Modules for Excel worksheet row processing

Module: rw.py

The Module rw.py is used to manage Excel Worksheet rows using the Openpyxl package; it contains the following static class:

Static classes of module rw.py

Name	Description
Rw	Manage Excel worksheet rows

Class Rw

Methods

Methods of static class Rw

Name	Description
iter_cell_value	Iterate over cell values of Excel worksheet rows

Method: iter_cell_value

Parameter of method iter_cell_value

Name	Type	Description
cls	class	current class
row	TyTupleCell	Excel Worksheet rows
**kwargs	TyAny	Keyword arguments

Yield value of method iter_cell_value

Name	Type	Description
cell.value	TyAny	Excel Worksheet row cell value

Modules for Excel workbook processing

Module: wb.py

The Module wb.py is used to manage Excel Workbooks using the Openpyxl package; it contains the following static classes:

Static Classes of Input I/O Module ioipath.py

Name	Description
DoAoA	Manage workbooks from Dictionaries of Arrays.
DoAoA	Manage workbooks from Dictionaries of dictionaries.
Wb	Manage workbooks.

Class DoAoA

Methods

Methods of static class DoAoA

Name	Description
create_wb	Create Excel Workbook from Dictionary of array of arrays using the openpyxel package.

Method: create_wb

Parameter of method create_wb

Name	Type	Description
doaoa	TyDoAoA	Dictionary of array of dictionaries

Return value of method create_wb

Name	Type	Description
wb	TyWb	Excel Workbook of Openpyxl package

Class DoAoD

Methods

Methods of static class DoAoD

Name	Description
create_wb	Create Excel Workbook from Dictionary of array of dictionaries using the openpyxxel package.

Method: create_wb

Parameter of method create_wb

Name	Type	Description
doaoa	TyDoAoA	Dictionary of array of dictionaries

Return value of method create_wb

Name	Type	Description
wb	TyWb	Excel Workbook of Openpyxl package

Class Wb

Methods

Methods of static class Wb

Name	Description
iter_sheet_names	Ierate over workbook sheet names.
iter_sheet	Iterate over workbook sheets.
sh_sheetnm
sh_sheetnms
sh_sheet_by_sheetnm
sh_sheet
sh_chartsheet_by_sheetnm
sh_chartsheet
sh_worksheet_by_sheetnm
sh_worksheet
to_aod
to_doaod
to_aod_or_doaod
createupdate_wb_with_doaoa
update_wb_with_aoa
update_wb_with_aod
update_wb_with_doaoa
update_wb_with_dodf

Modules for Excel worksheet processing

Module: ws.py

The Module ws.py is used to manage Excel Worksheets using the Openpyxl package; it contains the following static classes:

Static classes of module ws.py

Name	Description
DoAoA	Manage workbooks from Dictionaries of Arrays
DoAoA	Manage workbooks from Dictionaries of dictionaries.
Wb	Manage workbooks.

Appendix

Package Logging

Description

Logging use the module log.py of the logging package ut_log. The module supports two Logging types:

1. Standard Logging (std) or

2. User Logging (usr).

The Logging type can be defined by one of the values ‘std’ or ‘usr’ of the parameter log_type; ‘std’ is the default. The different Logging types are configured by one of the following configuration files:

1. log.std.yml or

2. log.usr.yml

The configuration files can be stored in different configuration directories (ordered by increased priority):

1. <package directory of the log package ut_log>/cfg,

2. <package directory of the application package ui_eviq_srr>/cfg,

3. <application directory of the application eviq>/cfg,

The active configuration file is the configuration file in the directory with the highest priority.

Examples

Site-packages-path = /appl/eviq/.pyenv/versions/3.11.12/lib/python3.11/site-packages Log-package = ut_log Application-package = ui_eviq_srr Application-home-path = /appl/eviq

Examples of log configuration-files

Log Configuration
Type	Directory Type	Directory	File
std	Log package	<Site-packages-path>/<Log-package>/cfg	log.std.yml
	Application package	<Site-packages-path>/<application-package>/cfg
	Application	<application-home-path>/cfg
usr	Log package	<site-packages-path>/ut_log/cfg	log.usr.yml
	Application package	<site-packages-path>/ui_eviq_srr/cfg
	Application	<application-path>/cfg

Log message types

Logging defines log file path names for the following log message types: .

1. debug

2. info

3. warning

4. error

5. critical

Log types and Log directories

Single or multiple Application log directories can be used for each message type:

Log types and directoriesg

Log type	Log directory
long	short	multiple	single
debug	dbqs	dbqs	logs
info	infs	infs	logs
warning	wrns	wrns	logs
error	errs	errs	logs
critical	crts	crts	logs

Application parameter for logging

Application parameter used in log naming

Name	Decription	Value	Description	Default	Example
appl_data	data directory				/data/eviq
tenant	tenant name	UMH			UMH
package	package name				ui_eviq_srr
cmd	command				evupreg
log_type	Logging Type	std:	Standard logging	std	std
		usr:	User Logging
log_ts_type	Logging timestamp type	ts:	Sec since 1.1.1970	ts	ts
		dt:	Datetime
log_sw_single_dir	Use single log directory	True	use single dir.	True	True
		False	use muliple dir.

Log files naming

Naming Conventions (table format)

Naming conventions for logging file paths

Type	Directory	File
debug	/<appl_data>/<tenant>/RUN/<package>/<cmd>/debs	debs_<ts>_<pid>.log
critical	/<appl_data>/<tenant>/RUN/<package>/<cmd>/logs	crts_<ts>_<pid>.log
error	/<appl_data>/<tenant>/RUN/<package>/<cmd>/logs	errs_<ts>_<pid>.log
info	/<appl_data>/<tenant>/RUN/<package>/<cmd>/logs	infs_<ts>_<pid>.log
warning	/<appl_data>/<tenant>/RUN/<package>/<cmd>/logs	rnsg_<ts>_<pid>.log

Naming Conventions (tree format)

<appl_data>   Application data folder
│
└── <tenant>  Application tenant folder
    │
    └── RUN  Applications RUN folder for Application log files
        │
        └── <package>  RUN folder of Application package: <package>
            │
            └── <cmd>  RUN folder of Application command <cmd>
                │
                ├── debs  Application command debug messages folder
                │   │
                │   └── debs_<ts>_<pid>.log  debug messages for
                │                            run of command <cmd>
                │                            with pid <pid> at <ts>
                │
                └── logs  Application command log messages folder
                    │
                    ├── crts_<ts>_<pid>.log  critical messages for
                    │                        run of command <cmd>
                    │                        with pid <pid> at <ts>
                    ├── errs_<ts>_<pid>.log  error messages for
                    │                        run of command <cmd>
                    │                        with pid <pid> at <ts>
                    ├── infs_<ts>_<pid>.log  info messages for
                    │                        run of command <cmd>
                    │                        with pid <pid> at <ts>
                    └── wrns_<ts>_<pid>.log  warning messages for
                                             run of command <cmd>
                                             with pid <pid> at <ts>

Naming Examples (table format)

Naming conventions for logging file paths

Type	Directory	File
debug	/appl/eviq/UMH/RUN/ui_eviq_srr/evdomap/debs/	debs_1750096540_354710.log
critical	/appl/eviq/UMH/RUN/ui_eviq_srr/evdomap/logs/	crts_1749971151_240257.log
error		errs_1749971151_240257.log
info		infs_1750096540_354710.log
warning		wrns_1749971151_240257.log

Naming Examples (tree format)

/data/eviq/UMH/RUN/ui_eviq_srr/evdomap  Run folder of
│                                       of function evdomap
│                                       of package ui_eviq_srr
│                                       for teanant UMH
│                                       of application eviq
│
├── debs  debug folder of Application function: evdomap
│   │
│   └── debs_1748609414_314062.log  debug messages for run
│                                   of function evdomap
│                                   using pid: 314062 at: 1748609414
│
└── logs  log folder of Application function: evdomap
    │
    ├── errs_1748609414_314062.log  error messages for run
    │                               of function evdomap
    │                               with pid: 314062 at: 1748609414
    ├── infs_1748609414_314062.log  info messages for run
    │                               of function evdomap
    │                               with pid: 314062 at: 1748609414
    └── wrns_1748609414_314062.log  warning messages for run
                                    of function evdomap
                                    with pid: 314062 at: 1748609414

Configuration files

log.std.yml (jinja2 yml file)

Content

version: 1

disable_existing_loggers: False

loggers:

    # standard logger
    std:
        # level: NOTSET
        level: DEBUG
        handlers:
            - std_debug_console
            - std_debug_file
            - std_info_file
            - std_warning_file
            - std_error_file
            - std_critical_file

handlers:

    std_debug_console:
        class: 'logging.StreamHandler'
        level: DEBUG
        formatter: std_debug
        stream: 'ext://sys.stderr'

    std_debug_file:
        class: 'logging.FileHandler'
        level: DEBUG
        formatter: std_debug
        filename: '{{dir_run_debs}}/debs_{{ts}}_{{pid}}.log'
        mode: 'a'
        delay: true

    std_info_file:
        class: 'logging.FileHandler'
        level: INFO
        formatter: std_info
        filename: '{{dir_run_infs}}/infs_{{ts}}_{{pid}}.log'
        mode: 'a'
        delay: true

    std_warning_file:
        class: 'logging.FileHandler'
        level: WARNING
        formatter: std_warning
        filename: '{{dir_run_wrns}}/wrns_{{ts}}_{{pid}}.log'
        mode: 'a'
        delay: true

    std_error_file:
        class: 'logging.FileHandler'
        level: ERROR
        formatter: std_error
        filename: '{{dir_run_errs}}/errs_{{ts}}_{{pid}}.log'
        mode: 'a'
        delay: true

    std_critical_file:
        class: 'logging.FileHandler'
        level: CRITICAL
        formatter: std_critical
        filename: '{{dir_run_crts}}/crts_{{ts}}_{{pid}}.log'
        mode: 'a'
        delay: true

    std_critical_mail:
        class: 'logging.handlers.SMTPHandler'
        level: CRITICAL
        formatter: std_critical_mail
        mailhost : localhost
        fromaddr: '[e-mail]'
        toaddrs:
            - '[e-mail]'
            - '[e-mail]'
        subject: 'Critical error with application name'

formatters:

    std_debug:
        format: '%(asctime)-15s %(levelname)s-%(name)s-%(process)d::%(module)s.%(funcName)s|%(lineno)s:: %(message)s'
        datefmt: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
    std_info:
        format: '%(asctime)-15s %(levelname)s-%(name)s-%(process)d::%(module)s.%(funcName)s|%(lineno)s:: %(message)s'
        datefmt: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
    std_warning:
        format: '%(asctime)-15s %(levelname)s-%(name)s-%(process)d::%(module)s.%(funcName)s|%(lineno)s:: %(message)s'
        datefmt: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
    std_error:
        format: '%(asctime)-15s %(levelname)s-%(name)s-%(process)d::%(module)s.%(funcName)s|%(lineno)s:: %(message)s'
        datefmt: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
    std_critical:
        format: '%(asctime)-15s %(levelname)s-%(name)s-%(process)d::%(module)s.%(funcName)s|%(lineno)s:: %(message)s'
        datefmt: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
    std_critical_mail:
        format: '%(asctime)-15s %(levelname)s-%(name)s-%(process)d::%(module)s.%(funcName)s|%(lineno)s:: %(message)s'
        datefmt: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'

Jinja2-variables

log.std.yml Jinja2 variables

Name	Definition	Example
dir_run_debs	debug run directory	/data/eviq/UMH/RUN/ui_eviq_srr/evupreg/debs
dir_run_infs	info run directory	/data/eviq/UMH/RUN/ui_eviq_srr/evupreg/logs
dir_run_wrns	warning run directory
dir_run_errs	error run directory
dir_run_crts	critical error run directory
ts	Timestamp since 1970 in [sec] if log_ts_type == ‘ts’	1749483509
	Datetime in timezone Europe/ Berlin if log_ts_type == ‘dt’	20250609 17:38:29 GMT+0200
pid	Process ID	79133

Python Glossary

Python Modules

Overview

Python Modules

Name	Definition
Python modules	Files with suffix .py; they could be empty or contain python code; other modules can be imported into a module.
special Python modules	Modules like __init__.py or main.py with special names and functionality.

Python Function

Overview

Python Function

Name	Definition
Python function	Files with suffix .py; they could be empty or contain python code; other modules can be imported into a module.
special Python modules	Modules like __init__.py or main.py with special names and functionality.

Python Packages

Overview

Python Packages Overview

Name	Definition
Python package	Python packages are directories that contains the special module __init__.py and other modules, sub packages, files or directories.
Python sub-package	Python sub-packages are python packages which are contained in another python package.
Python package sub-directory	directory contained in a python package.
Python package special sub-directory	Python package sub-directories with a special meaning like data or cfg

Special python package sub-directories

Special python package sub-directories

Name	Description
bin	Directory for package scripts.
cfg	Directory for package configuration files.
data	Directory for package data files.
service	Directory for systemd service scripts.

Python Files

Overview

Python files

Name	Definition
Python modules	Files with suffix .py; they could be empty or contain python code; other modules can be imported into a module.
Python package files	Files within a python package.
Python dunder modules	Python modules which are named with leading and trailing double underscores.
special Python files	Files which are not modules and used as python marker files like py.typed.
special Python modules	Modules like __init__.py or main.py with special names and functionality.

Python Special Files

Python special files

Name	Type	Description
py.typed	Type checking marker file	The py.typed file is a marker file used in Python packages to indicate that the package supports type checking. This is a part of the PEP 561 standard, which provides a standardized way to package and distribute type information in Python.

Python Special Modules

Python special modules

Name	Type	Description
__init__.py	Package directory marker file	The dunder (double underscore) module __init__.py is used to execute initialisation code or mark the directory it contains as a package. The Module enforces explicit imports and thus clear namespace use and call them with the dot notation.
__main__.py	entry point for the package	The dunder module __main__.py serves as package entry point point. The module is executed when the package is called by the interpreter with the command python -m <package name>.
__version__.py	Version file	The dunder module __version__.py consist of assignment statements used in Versioning.

Python classes

Overview

Python classes overview

Name	Description
Python class	A class is a container to group related methods and variables together, even if no objects are created. This helps in organizing code logically.
Python static class	A class which contains only @staticmethod or @classmethod methods and no instance-specific attributes or methods.

Python methods

Overview

Python methods overview

Name	Description
Python method	Python functions defined in python modules.
Python class method	Python functions defined in python classes.
Python special class method	Python class methods with special names and functionalities.

Python class methods

Python class methods

Name	Description
Python no instance class method	Python function defined in python classes and decorated with @classmethod or @staticmethod. The first parameter conventionally called cls is a reference to the current class.
Python instance class method	Python function defined in python classes; the first parameter conventionally called self is a reference to the current class object.
special Python class method	Python class functions with special names and functionalities.

Python special class methods

Python methods examples

Name	Type	Description
__init__	class object constructor method	The special method __init__ is called when an instance (object) of a class is created; instance attributes can be defined and initalized in the method. The method us a single parameter conventionally called self to access the object.

Table of Contents

Table of Content

• ut_xls

  • Overview

  • Installation

  • Package files

  • I/O Control Module for Excel Workbooks

    • Class SheetNms

      • Methods

      • Method: sh_sheetnms

    • Class Ws

      • Subclass: Headers

      • Methods

  • Input module for Excel workbooks accessed with path names

    • Methods

  • Input module for Excel workbooks accessed with path

    • Methods

  • Input module for Excel workbooks accessed with path names

    • Methods

  • Output module for Excel workbooks accessed with path names

    • Methods

  • Output Module for Excel workbooks accessed with path

    • Methods

  • Update Module for Excel workbooks accessed with path

    • Methods

  • Modules for Excel worksheet row processing

    • Class Rw

      • Methods

      • Method: iter_cell_value

  • Modules for Excel workbook processing

    • Class DoAoA

      • Methods

      • Method: create_wb

    • Class DoAoD

      • Methods

      • Method: create_wb

    • Class Wb

  • Modules for Excel worksheet processing

• Appendix

  • Package Logging

    • Description

    • Examples

    • Log message types

      • Log types and Log directories

      • Application parameter for logging

      • Log files naming

        • Naming Conventions (table format)

        • Naming Conventions (tree format)

        • Naming Examples (table format)

        • Naming Examples (tree format)

    • Configuration files

      • Content

      • Jinja2-variables

  • Python Glossary

    • Python Modules

    • Python Function

    • Python Packages

      • Overview

      • Special python package sub-directories

    • Python Files

      • Overview

      • Python Special Files

      • Python Special Modules

    • Python classes

    • Python methods

      • Overview

      • Python class methods

      • Python special class methods

• Table of Contents