Vietnam Stock Market Data
Project description
Vietnam Stock Market data extraction from TCBS & SSI with Python
vnstock is a Python package to retrieve the Vietnam stock market data from TCBS and SSI.
vnstock allows the user to download historical, intraday stock data and market insights from TCBS.
vnstock is relying on public/private APIs to provide stock data. It is FREE and has NO LIMITATIONS.
👉 You can get more context and a demo notebook of using this package on my blog post available in Vietnamses/English here
I. 🛠 Installation
To get this package working, you will need to install it via pip (with a Python 3.7 version or higher) on the terminal by typing:
$ pip install vnstock
Additionally, if you want to use the latest vnstock
version instead of the stable one, you can install it from source with the following command:
$ pip install git+https://github.com/thinh-vu/vnstock.git@main
The master branch ensures the user that the most updated version will always be working and fully operative so as not to wait until the the stable release comes out (which eventually may take some time depending on the number of issues to solve).
II. 💻 Usage
You can understand some basic functionality of the vnstock package by following this guide. First of all, you need to import the vnstock package to your python project by running this code. After that, feel free to call any functions listed below.
from vnstock import *
2.1 📰 All listing companies
listing_companies()
Output
ticker group_code company_name company_short_name
0 HSV UpcomIndex Công ty Cổ phần Gang Thép Hà Nội Gang Thép Hà Nội
1 SCV UpcomIndex Công ty Cổ phần Muối Việt Nam Visalco.,JSC
2 LYF UpcomIndex Công ty Cổ phần Lương Thực Lương Yên Công ty Lương Thực Lương Yên
3 CST UpcomIndex Công ty Cổ phần Than Cao Sơn - TKV Than Cao Sơn - TKV
4 BVL UpcomIndex Công ty Cổ phần BV Land BV Land
2.2. Ticker overview
ticker_overview('TCB')
Output
>>> ticker_overview('TCB')
exchange shortName industryID industryIDv2 industry ... deltaInMonth deltaInYear outstandingShare issueShare ticker
0 HOSE Techcombank 289 8355 Ngân hàng ... -0.027 -0.038 3510.9 3510.9 TCB
2.3. 📈 Historical Data Retrieval
vnstock allows the user to download stock historical data from TCBS. In the example presented below, the historical data from the past years of a stock is retrieved.
df = stock_historical_data(symbol='GMD',
start_date="2021-01-01",
end_date='2022-02-25'))
print(df.head())
You can also try the short form of every function in this library, for example:
df = stock_historical_data("GMD", "2021-01-01", "2022-02-25")
print(df.head())
The result should look like this:
Output
open high low close volume tradingDate
0 32182.0 33157.0 31987.0 32279.0 4226500 2021-01-04
1 32279.0 33596.0 31938.0 32962.0 4851900 2021-01-05
2 33352.0 33352.0 32279.0 32572.0 3641300 2021-01-06
3 32864.0 33644.0 31694.0 33157.0 5753700 2021-01-07
4 33547.0 33937.0 32669.0 33059.0 4587500 2021-01-08
2.4. 📊 Price Table
You can download the price board of a target list of stocks to analyze with ease compared to viewing it directly on TCBS.
Price Board
All you need to do is pass the list of stock symbols to the function as below:
price_board('TCB,SSI,VND')
Output
>>> price_board('TCB,SSI,VND')
Mã CP Giá Khớp Lệnh KLBD/TB5D T.độ GD KLGD ròng(CM) ... vnid1m vnid3m vnid1y vnipe vnipb
0 TCB 48600.0 0.6 0.49 -23200 ... -3.7 -2.0 22.4 17.99 2.46159
1 SSI 43300.0 0.5 0.50 -112200 ... -3.7 -2.0 22.4 17.99 2.46159
2 VND 32600.0 0.7 0.68 37300 ... -3.7 -2.0 22.4 17.99 2.46159
2.5. 🔥 Intraday Trading Data
Intraday view on TCBS
df = stock_intraday_data(symbol='GMD',
page_num=0,
page_size=5000)
print(df.head())
Output
p volume cp rcp a ba sa hl pcp time
0 50700.0 169700 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 True 0.0 14:45:08
1 50800.0 1000 0.0 0.0 BU 0.0 0.0 False 0.0 14:30:05
2 50800.0 500 0.0 0.0 BU 0.0 0.0 False 0.0 14:30:05
3 50800.0 20000 0.0 0.0 BU 0.0 0.0 True 0.0 14:29:54
4 50700.0 300 0.0 0.0 SD 0.0 0.0 False 0.0 14:29:53
2.6. 💰Financial Ratio
2.6.1. Report from SSI
financial_ratio_compare (symbol_ls=['TCB', 'CTG', 'BID'], industry_comparison='true', frequency= 'Yearly', start_year=2020)
- symbol_ls: a list of ticker that needs to be compared
- industry_comparison:
true
orfalse
- frequency:
Yearly
orQuarterly
Output
Chỉ số 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
0 P/E NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1 BID 1.931659e+01 1.579755e+01 2.156374e+01 2.392118e+01 2.109997e+01
2 TCB 1.589460e+01 1.099041e+01 7.712361e+00 1.110489e+01 9.790559e+00
3 CTG 1.578063e+01 1.476715e+01 1.015345e+01 1.031625e+01 1.135594e+01
4 BID 1.931659e+01 1.579755e+01 2.156374e+01 2.392118e+01 2.109997e+01
.. ... ... ... ... ... ...
171 Toàn ngành 2.272894e+10 2.932384e+10 3.172492e+10 3.927128e+10 5.101939e+10
172 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
173 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
174 Dữ liệu được cung cấp bởi FiinTrade NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
175 https://fiintrade.vn/ NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
2.6.2. Report from TCBS
financial_ratio("TCB", 'quarterly', True)
Output
ticker quarter year priceToEarning priceToBook valueBeforeEbitda dividend ... badDebtOnAsset liquidityOnLiability payableOnEquity cancelDebt ebitdaOnStockChange bookValuePerShareChange creditGrowth
0 TCB 4 2021 9.9 1.9 None None ... 0.004 0.382 5.1 0.004 None 0.053 0.252
1 TCB 3 2021 10.0 2.0 None None ... 0.003 0.405 5.1 0.004 None 0.053 0.392
2 TCB 2 2021 11.4 2.2 None None ... 0.002 0.370 5.0 0.008 None 0.061 0.353
3 TCB 1 2021 9.9 1.8 None None ... 0.002 0.354 4.9 0.012 None 0.060 0.277
4 TCB 4 2020 9.0 1.5 None None ... 0.003 0.372 4.9 0.013 None 0.057 0.202
2.7. Stock comparison
2.7.1. 🏭 Industry Analysis
industry_analysis("VNM")
Output
>>> industry_analysis("VNM")
ticker marcap price numberOfDays priceToEarning peg priceToBook valueBeforeEbitda dividend ... debtOnEbitda income5year sale5year income1quarter sale1quarter nextIncome nextSale rsi rs
0 VNM 164897 78900 1 15.7 -3.1 5.0 12.6 0.037 ... 0.6 0.024 0.054 -0.249 -0.023 None None 34.9 18.0
0 MSN 186524 158000 -1 21.8 0.0 5.7 22.5 0.008 ... 5.5 0.251 0.154 4.610 0.009 NaN NaN 54.5 58.0
1 MCH 80250 112100 1 14.7 0.7 4.9 12.0 0.000 ... 1.2 0.152 0.150 0.381 0.372 NaN NaN 48.6 36.0
2 MML 26061 79700 -1 19.6 0.0 4.7 24.9 0.000 ... 4.2 -0.029 -0.050 6.771 -0.243 0.904 0.22 58.8 60.0
2.7.2. 🔬 Stocks List Analysis
stock_ls_analysis("TCB, BID, CEO, GMD")
Output
ticker marcap price numberOfDays priceToEarning peg priceToBook valueBeforeEbitda dividend ... debtOnEbitda income5year sale5year income1quarter sale1quarter nextIncome nextSale rsi rs
0 GMD 15220 50500 -3 25.2 0.4 2.4 16.2 0.0 ... 1.8 0.092 -0.030 0.500 0.425 NaN NaN 60.3 50.0
1 CEO 17062 66300 1 183.2 -0.8 5.7 81.8 0.0 ... 7.8 -0.099 -0.086 NaN 3.002 -1.469 -0.2 51.9 82.0
2 BID 225357 44550 -3 21.3 0.4 2.6 NaN 0.0 ... NaN 0.115 0.154 0.083 0.000 NaN NaN 49.1 34.0
3 TCB 178003 50700 1 9.9 0.2 1.9 NaN 0.0 ... NaN 0.418 0.255 0.059 0.157 NaN NaN 45.2 28.0
2.7.3. 🏢 Company Overview
company_overview('TCB')
Output
>>> company_overview('TCB')
exchange shortName industryID industryIDv2 ... deltaInYear outstandingShare issueShare ticker
0 HOSE Techcombank 289 8355 ... -0.075 3510.9 3510.9 TCB
2.7.4. 💵 Income Statement, Balance Sheet & Cashflow report
2.7.4.1. Report from SSI
financial_report (symbol='SSI', report_type='BalanceSheet', frequency='Quarterly')
- report_type: You can choose 1 of 3 reports:
BalanceSheet
,IncomeStatement
, orCashFlow
- frequency:
Yearly
orQuarterly
Output
CHỈ TIÊU 2012 2013 ... 2019 2020 2021
0 TỔNG CỘNG TÀI SẢN 7.980876e+12 7.705074e+12 ... 2.704412e+13 3.576953e+13 5.079306e+13
1 TÀI SẢN NGẮN HẠN 4.837002e+12 4.467396e+12 ... 2.229087e+13 2.904003e+13 4.653960e+13
3 Tiền và tương đương tiền 1.947090e+12 1.838619e+12 ... 1.040783e+12 3.632519e+11 1.114235e+12
4 Tiền 8.068605e+11 1.437619e+12 ... 2.606318e+11 2.319712e+11 4.741978e+11
5 Các khoản tương đương tiền 1.140230e+12 4.010000e+11 ... 7.801508e+11 1.312807e+11 6.400373e+11
.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
149 Lợi nhuận chưa phân phối 1.127003e+12 1.118080e+12 ... 2.941467e+12 2.676816e+12 2.927813e+12
153 Vốn Ngân sách nhà nước và quỹ khác 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 ... 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00
154 Quỹ khen thưởng , phúc lợi (trước 2010) 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 ... 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00
157 LỢI ÍCH CỦA CỔ ĐÔNG THIỂU SỐ (trước 2015) 8.369917e+10 8.299030e+10 ... 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00
158 TỔNG CỘNG NGUỒN VỐN 7.980876e+12 7.705074e+12 ... 2.704412e+13 3.576953e+13 5.079306e+13
2.7.4.2. Report from TCBS
📄 Income Statement
financial_flow(symbol="TCB", report_type='incomestatement', report_range='quarterly')
Output
ticker revenue yearRevenueGrowth quarterRevenueGrowth costOfGoodSold grossProfit ... investProfit serviceProfit otherProfit provisionExpense operationIncome ebitda
index ...
2021-Q4 TCB 7245 0.328 0.074 None None ... 279 2103 532 -627 6767 None
2021-Q3 TCB 6742 0.310 0.023 None None ... 384 1497 156 -589 6151 None
2021-Q2 TCB 6588 0.674 0.076 None None ... 717 1457 444 -598 6615 None
2021-Q1 TCB 6124 0.454 0.122 None None ... 812 1325 671 -851 6369 None
🧾Balance Sheet
financial_flow(symbol="TCB", report_type='balancesheet', report_range='quarterly')
Output
ticker shortAsset cash shortInvest shortReceivable inventory longAsset fixedAsset ... payableInterest receivableInterest deposit otherDebt fund unDistributedIncome minorShareHolderProfit payable
index ...
2021-Q4 TCB None 3579 None None None None 7224 ... 3098 5808 314753 33680 9156 47469 845 475756
2021-Q3 TCB None 3303 None None None None 7106 ... 3074 6224 316376 34003 6784 45261 753 453251
2021-Q2 TCB None 3554 None None None None 6739 ... 2643 5736 289335 27678 6790 40924 659 420403
2021-Q1 TCB None 4273 None None None None 4726 ... 2897 5664 287446 26035 6790 36213 563 3837
💶 Cashflow Report
financial_flow(symbol="TCB", report_type='cashflow', report_range='quarterly')
Output
ticker investCost fromInvest fromFinancial fromSale freeCashFlow
index
2021-Q4 TCB -280 -276 0 -9328 0
2021-Q3 TCB -180 -179 60 17974 0
2021-Q2 TCB -337 -282 0 11205 0
2021-Q1 TCB -143 -143 0 -6954 0
2.8. 🧧 Dividend Historical Data
dividend_history("VNM")
Output
exerciseDate cashYear cashDividendPercentage issueMethod
0 10/01/22 2021 0.14 cash
1 07/09/21 2021 0.15 cash
2 07/06/21 2020 0.11 cash
3 05/01/21 2020 0.10 cash
2.9. ⭐General Rating
general_rating("VNM")
Output
stockRating valuation financialHealth businessModel businessOperation rsRating taScore ... ticker highestPrice lowestPrice priceChange3m priceChange1y beta alpha
0 2.4 1.5 4.8 3.0 3.2 1.0 1.0 ... VNM 102722.2 78600.0 -0.092 -0.232 0.49 -0.0014
2.10. 🌱 Business Model Rating
biz_model_rating("VNM")
Output
ticker businessModel businessEfficiency assetQuality cashFlowQuality bom businessAdministration productService businessAdvantage companyPosition industry operationRisk
0 VNM 3.0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2.11. 🎮 Business Operation Rating
biz_operation_rating("VNM")
Output
industryEn loanGrowth depositGrowth netInterestIncomeGrowth netInterestMargin ... last5yearsFCFFGrowth lastYearGrossProfitMargin lastYearOperatingProfitMargin lastYearNetProfitMargin TOIGrowth
0 Food Products None None None None ... 2 5 3 4 None
2.12. 📑 Financial Health Rating
financial_health_rating("VNM")
Output
industryEn loanDeposit badLoanGrossLoan badLoanAsset provisionBadLoan ticker financialHealth netDebtEquity currentRatio quickRatio interestCoverage netDebtEBITDA
0 Food Products None None None None VNM 4.8 4 5 5 5 5
2.13. 💲 Valuation Rating
valuation_rating("VNM")
Output
industryEn ticker valuation pe pb ps evebitda dividendRate
0 Food Products VNM 1.5 2 1 1 1 3
2.14. 💳 Industry Financial Health
industry_financial_health("VNM")
Output
industryEn loanDeposit badLoanGrossLoan badLoanAsset provisionBadLoan ticker financialHealth netDebtEquity currentRatio quickRatio interestCoverage netDebtEBITDA
0 None None None None None VNM 3.4 4 4 3 3 3
2.15. 🌏 Market Watch
2.15.1. Top stocks
SSI Top Stocks
Top Breakout > Top Gainers > Top Losers > Top Value > Top Volume
Top New High > Top Foreign Trading > Top New Low
market_top_mover('ForeignTrading')
Output
foreignBuyVolume foreignBuyValue ... financial technical
0 3826600.0 1.703888e+11 ... {'organCode': 'DXG', 'rtd7': 14713.265320738, ... {'organCode': 'DXG', 'sma20Past4': 34887.5, 's...
1 3270200.0 1.088892e+11 ... {'organCode': 'STB', 'rtd7': 18173.6958318461,... {'organCode': 'STB', 'sma20Past4': 34332.5, 's...
2 1456800.0 4.199166e+10 ... {'organCode': 'FUEVFVND', 'rtd7': None, 'rtd11... {'organCode': 'FUEVFVND', 'sma20Past4': 27993....
3 1033300.0 1.281170e+10 ... {'organCode': 'FLC', 'rtd7': 12898.0038031343,... {'organCode': 'FLC', 'sma20Past4': 12062.5, 's...
4 998600.0 5.324337e+10 ... {'organCode': 'NLG', 'rtd7': 23318.1252311207,... {'organCode': 'NLG', 'sma20Past4': 52385.0, 's...
2.15.2. Foreign Trade Insights
fr_trade_heatmap ('All', 'FrBuyVol')
Output
organCode name value percentPriceChange ... ceilingPrice floorPrice industry_name rate
0 PVD PVD 1433300.0 0.068627 ... 16350.0 14250.0 Dầu khí 0.040308
1 PVS PVS 370100.0 0.096154 ... 22800.0 18800.0 Dầu khí 0.040308
2 PETRO PLX 249700.0 0.014516 ... 33150.0 28850.0 Dầu khí 0.040308
3 PETECHIM PTV 4000.0 0.064000 ... 5400.0 4000.0 Dầu khí 0.040308
4 BSRC BSR 3800.0 0.002000 ... 17200.0 12800.0 Dầu khí 0.040308
.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
10 None Khác 210200.0 0.027762 ... 0.0 0.0 Ngân hàng 0.050653
0 CMG CMG 74400.0 0.024390 ... 43850.0 38150.0 Công nghệ Thông tin 0.034816
1 SAM SAM 35700.0 0.020833 ... 7700.0 6700.0 Công nghệ Thông tin 0.034816
2 ELC ELC 4100.0 0.049197 ... 10650.0 9270.0 Công nghệ Thông tin 0.034816
3 ITD ITD 2000.0 0.068548 ... 13250.0 11550.0 Công nghệ Thông tin 0.034816
[92 rows x 10 columns]
2.15.3. Market latest indices & values
Retrieve the latest indices values & brief insights
get_latest_indices()
Output
>>> get_latest_indices()
indexId comGroupCode indexValue tradingDate ... matchValue ceiling floor marketStatus
0 0 VNINDEX 1108.08 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
1 0 VN30 1121.92 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
2 0 HNXIndex 219.87 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
3 0 HNX30 378.94 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
4 0 UpcomIndex 73.98 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
5 0 VNXALL 1707.39 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
6 0 VN100 1063.59 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
7 0 VNALL 1066.54 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
8 0 VNCOND 1537.34 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
9 0 VNCONS 793.25 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
10 0 VNDIAMOND 1689.15 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
11 0 VNENE 541.51 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
12 0 VNFIN 1252.54 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
13 0 VNFINLEAD 1631.16 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
14 0 VNFINSELECT 1676.21 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
15 0 VNHEAL 1552.19 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
16 0 VNIND 628.34 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
17 0 VNIT 2631.82 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
18 0 VNMAT 1534.50 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
19 0 VNMID 1394.75 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
20 0 VNREAL 981.94 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
21 0 VNSI 1715.37 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
22 0 VNSML 1140.40 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
23 0 VNUTI 874.84 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
24 0 VNX50 1805.33 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 None
2.15.4. Market latest indices in depth data
get_index_series(index_code='VNINDEX', time_range='OneYear')
-
Data provider: FiinTrade on SSI iBoard
-
Use one of the following index code:
'VNINDEX', 'VN30', 'HNXIndex', 'HNX30', 'UpcomIndex', 'VNXALL', 'VN100','VNALL', 'VNCOND', 'VNCONS','VNDIAMOND', 'VNENE', 'VNFIN', 'VNFINLEAD', 'VNFINSELECT', 'VNHEAL', 'VNIND', 'VNIT', 'VNMAT', 'VNMID', 'VNREAL', 'VNSI', 'VNSML', 'VNUTI', 'VNX50'
You can get the complete list of the latest indices from
get_latest_indices()
function -
time_range
: Use one of the following values:
'OneDay', 'OneWeek', 'OneMonth', 'ThreeMonth', 'SixMonths', 'YearToDate', 'OneYear', 'ThreeYears', 'FiveYears'
Output
>>> get_index_series(index_code='VNINDEX', time_range='OneYear')
comGroupCode indexValue tradingDate ... matchValue totalMatchVolume totalMatchValue
0 VNINDEX 1470.76 2022-01-27T00:00:00 ... 1.554536e+13 498256400.0 1.554536e+13
1 VNINDEX 1478.96 2022-01-28T00:00:00 ... 1.913215e+13 634887600.0 1.913215e+13
2 VNINDEX 1497.66 2022-02-07T00:00:00 ... 1.710999e+13 516533800.0 1.710999e+13
3 VNINDEX 1500.99 2022-02-08T00:00:00 ... 2.106676e+13 660158600.0 2.106676e+13
4 VNINDEX 1505.38 2022-02-09T00:00:00 ... 2.360041e+13 722161500.0 2.360041e+13
.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
241 VNINDEX 1060.17 2023-01-13T00:00:00 ... 7.884840e+12 459494342.0 7.884840e+12
242 VNINDEX 1066.68 2023-01-16T00:00:00 ... 6.724499e+12 391079501.0 6.724499e+12
243 VNINDEX 1088.29 2023-01-17T00:00:00 ... 1.016031e+13 566247477.0 1.016031e+13
244 VNINDEX 1098.28 2023-01-18T00:00:00 ... 9.377296e+12 531786150.0 9.377296e+12
245 VNINDEX 1108.08 2023-01-19T00:00:00 ... 1.054607e+13 556193050.0 1.054607e+13
[246 rows x 14 columns]
III. 🙋♂️ Contact Information
You can contact me at one of my social network profiles:
If you want to support my open-source projects, you can "buy me a coffee" via Patreon or Momo e-wallet (VN). Your support will help to maintain my blog hosting fee & to develop high-quality content.
IV. ⚠ Disclaimer
This Python package has been made for research purposes to fit the needs that tcbs.com does not cover, so this package works like an Application Programming Interface (API) of tcbs.com developed in an altruistic way.
Conclude that vnstock is not affiliated in any way to tcbs.com or ssi.com.vn or any dependant company.
V. Licensing
Copyright (c) 2022 Thinh Vu | thinh-vu @ Github | MIT
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
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