wash-alpha 0.80.1

Cross-account wash sale detection for stocks, options, and ETFs — local-first, IRS Pub 550 rules, with a tax-harvest planner and pre-trade simulator.

Cross-account wash sale detection for stocks, options, and ETFs — local-first, IRS Pub 550, with a tax-harvest planner and pre-trade simulator.

Why · Quickstart · Features · Usage · IRS Rules · Service · Architecture · Development

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Why net-alpha

Every brokerage tracks wash sales only within its own ecosystem. A loss sale on Schwab can be silently neutralized by a repurchase on Fidelity — and you won't know until well after tax season, long after the 30-day window to act has closed. The problem compounds when you trade options alongside the underlying, or hold ETFs that track the same index in separate accounts.

net-alpha gives you a single, unified view of your wash sale exposure across every account, asset class, and tax year — before it's too late to act.

[!NOTE] The package is published to PyPI as wash-alpha but the CLI command is net-alpha. Both names refer to the same project.

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See it in action

All screenshots use the built-in demo dataset: TSLA, NVDA, AAPL, SPY puts, an SPX §1256 call, plus open holdings (MSFT, AMZN, GOOGL, META, AMD, VOO). Pick "Try the demo" on the welcome screen — or run net-alpha ui --demo.

Wash-sale ledger — every match across accounts, with confidence label and rule citation. The NVDA row is the case no single broker would flag: a loss closed in schwab/taxable silently neutralized by a buy in schwab/ira 14 days later, shown as a Cross-account source pill. SPY shows an exact-strike options match with a -8d lag because the replacement leg opened before the loss close.

Per-symbol drilldown — NVDA's timeline combines lots from both accounts in one view. KPIs (open lots, realized P/L vs. broker, disallowed loss, last trade) sit above; every row deep-links to the source trade so the chain stays auditable.

Pre-trade simulator — propose Sell 20 AAPL @ market and see realized P&L, FIFO lot consumption, and per-account wash-sale verdict before placing the order. The lot-strategy table compares FIFO / LIFO / HIFO / MIN_TAX / MAX_LOSS side-by-side with each strategy's after-tax P&L and wash-sale verdict.

Portfolio dashboard — KPIs, equity curve with brush-strip drag-to-reperiod, cash-deployment stacked-area chart, monthly P/L bars, allocation donut, top movers, and wash-sale watch — all accounts in one view. Tiles are drag-to-reorder and hideable via the "Edit layout" toolbar.

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Quickstart

Requires Python 3.11+ and uv.

Web UI (recommended)

# Install with web UI support
uv tool install 'wash-alpha[ui]'

# (Optional) Install the always-on background service
net-alpha service install

# Open the dashboard — browser launches automatically
net-alpha ui

The UI runs at http://127.0.0.1:18765 (auto-picks the next free port in 18765–18775). With the service installed, prices refresh every 4 hours, forward-looking wash-sale checks run daily, and a snapshot backup runs at 03:30 UTC. Without it, net-alpha ui runs ephemerally until Ctrl-C.

[!TIP] First run? Pick "Try the demo" on the welcome screen for a guided tour — no CSV required. Replay any time from /tour.

CLI (no UI extras)

uv tool install wash-alpha
net-alpha schwab.csv --account personal --detail

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Features

Detection

Capability	Coverage
Cross-account wash sales	Match a loss sale on one broker against a repurchase on another in a single pass
§1091 — equities, options, ETFs	Exact ticker, exact contract, same-underlying option, or same-index ETF pair
Rev. Rul. 2008-5 IRA traps	Taxable-account loss replaced by IRA/Roth/401(k)/HSA buy → permanently disallowed, no basis rollover possible
§1256 contracts	SPX, NDX, RUT, VIX, OEX, XSP… exempt from §1091, 60/40 LT/ST split, year-end MTM
§1092 straddles	Literal straddles, married puts, non-qualified covered calls, vertical spreads
ETF substantially-identical pairs	Bundled index-tracking groups (S&P 500, Nasdaq-100, Russell 2000…); extend at ~/.net_alpha/etf_pairs.yaml

Every match carries a Confirmed / Probable / Unclear confidence label with rule citation and inline explanation.

Planning

• Pre-trade simulator — /sim shows lot consumption, realized P&L, and wash-sale verdict before you execute. Suggestion chips surface the largest unrealized loss, wash-sale risk, and largest gain for one-click sims.
• Lot-selection strategies — compare FIFO / LIFO / HIFO / MIN_TAX / MAX_LOSS side-by-side on any Sell sim, each with its own independent wash-sale verdict.
• Tax-harvest planner — /tax/harvest/plan builds a ranked, editable harvest plan (greedy by tax saved, capped by §1211's $3,000 ordinary-loss limit). Honors user-declared PositionTargets so it never closes a position you want to keep.
• Forward-looking watchlist — the always-on service forward-simulates every PositionTarget daily, surfacing deferred vs. permanent IRA-trap risk as colored pills on the Plan view.
• Action Inbox — urgent items (imminent wash-sale tripwires, §1092 holding-period suspensions, broken reconciliation, missing basis) in one panel.
• Verify — a global "Data check" badge in the site header that audits live KPIs against pure-function recomputes and one-click jumps to any divergence.

Reporting

• After-tax performance — realized P&L after estimated taxes, with tax-drag breakdown and ST/LT/§1256 mix bar.
• Capital-loss carryforward — auto-derived from prior years honoring §1212(b) cross-category netting and §1211 $3K cap, with hand-editable overrides.
• Auditable explanations — every wash-sale flag includes rule citation, source trades, match reason, math, and confidence reasoning — inline in the UI or via --detail on the CLI.
• Per-symbol reconciliation — cross-checks computed P&L against your broker's Realized G/L file (Schwab supported).
• Data hygiene rollup — Imports page groups missing-basis / no-quote / missing-date rows so you can fix them in one pass.

Local & Private

[!IMPORTANT] Your trade data, account information, and P&L never leave your machine. Only ticker symbols are sent to Yahoo Finance for live quotes — and that can be disabled with prices.enable_remote: false in ~/.net_alpha/config.yaml.

• Zero-knowledge, zero telemetry — everything runs on your local SQLite database at ~/.net_alpha/net_alpha.db.
• No CDN at runtime, no Node toolchain — htmx, Alpine.js, ApexCharts, Lucide icons, and fonts are fully vendored under web/static/.
• WAL-safe backups with optional encryption — net-alpha backup snapshots via SQLite's online .backup() API (safe while the service writes), with optional AES-256-GCM encryption. Daily automated snapshots + inline pre-mutation backups before every import or removal.
• Manual trade CRUD — add, edit, transfer, or delete trades from the web UI; wash sales recompute over the affected window automatically.

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Usage

Web UI

net-alpha ui [--port 18765] [--no-browser] [--reload]

Page	Highlights
/ Portfolio	KPIs, equity curve (brush-strip, click-to-explain daily drivers, optional SPY benchmark), cash-deployment area chart, monthly P/L bars, allocation donut, top movers, wash-sale watch, drag-to-reorder layout
/positions	All / stocks / options / at-loss / closed views; drag-to-reorder Plan view; multi-lot basis editor; per-row side pane with lot ladder, ST→LT clock, and wash-sale outlook
/sim	Pre-trade simulator, suggestion chips, FIFO/LIFO/HIFO/MIN_TAX/MAX_LOSS strategy comparison
/tax	After-tax performance, harvest queue, plan-builder, projection setup, wash-sale + exempt-match listings
/imports	Drop-zone upload (trades or positions CSV), preview/commit, per-import detail, data-hygiene buckets
/ticker/{symbol}	Per-symbol timeline, lot ladder, reconciliation vs. broker, lot edit and add-trade forms
/verify	Findings table (BasisRecon, RealizedRecon, StaleReference…) with inline "Why?" explainer and one-click suppress
/settings	Profile, density, ETF pairs, carryforward, account types, backups, service controls, about

CLI

# Import a CSV → recompute wash sales → print watchlist + YTD impact
net-alpha schwab.csv --account personal [--detail]

# Pre-trade simulation across every account holding the ticker
net-alpha sim TSLA 10 --price 180

# §1092 straddles currently open
net-alpha straddles [--detail]

# Manage past imports (recomputes wash sales on removal)
net-alpha imports
net-alpha imports rm 3 --yes

# Backups — manual snapshot, list all bundles, restore
net-alpha backup [--encrypt] [--note "before tax-day cleanup"]
net-alpha backups
net-alpha restore <bundle-id> --yes

# v1 → v2 schema migration (v2.0.x line only)
net-alpha migrate-from-v1 --yes

Supported Brokers

Broker	Trade import	Realized G/L reconciliation
Schwab (transactions CSV + Realized G/L CSV)	✅	✅
Additional brokers	planned	planned

To add a broker: implement the BrokerParser protocol at src/net_alpha/brokers/<name>.py, register it in brokers/registry.py, and optionally add a Realized G/L parser at src/net_alpha/audit/brokers/.

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How the Rules Work

net-alpha strictly follows IRS Publication 550. A wash sale is triggered when you sell at a loss and buy a substantially identical security within 30 days before or after the sale.

Confidence labels

Label	Meaning
🟥 Confirmed	Definite wash sale under IRS Pub 550
🟨 Probable	Likely; CPA review recommended before filing
🟦 Unclear	Ambiguous; flag for professional review

§1091 — equities, options, ETFs

Scenario	Confidence
Sold ticker X at a loss → bought ticker X within 30 days	🟥 Confirmed
Sold option at a loss → bought same option (exact strike + expiry)	🟥 Confirmed
Sold option at a loss → bought option on the same underlying	🟨 Probable
Sold ETF at a loss → bought the same ETF ticker	🟥 Confirmed
Sold ETF at a loss → bought ETF tracking the same index (e.g., SPY → VOO)	🟦 Unclear

§1256 contracts

Broad-based equity index options (SPX, NDX, RUT, VIX, OEX, XSP, …) are exempt from §1091. Their closed P&L is split 60/40 long-term/short-term per §1256(a)(3), regardless of holding period. Open positions at year-end are marked-to-market per §1256(a)(1), with FMV sourced via a cascade: Yahoo option close → Black-Scholes (underlying close + 30-day historical vol) → intrinsic if expired.

IRA-trap violations — Rev. Rul. 2008-5

When a loss in a taxable account is replaced by a substantially-identical buy in a tax-advantaged account (IRA / Roth / 401(k) / HSA) within ±30 days, §1091(a) still disallows the loss, but §1091(d)'s basis rollover cannot apply — the loss is permanently lost. These are classified as permanent_ira violations, distinct from deferred wash sales where the basis rolls into the replacement lot.

§1092 straddles

Same-underlying offsetting positions caught by IRC §1092:

• Literal straddles — long call + long put on the same underlying
• Married puts — long stock + long put on the same underlying
• Non-qualified covered calls — long stock + short call that fails the §1092(c)(4) QCC test
• Vertical spreads — long + short option of the same series, opposite legs

[!NOTE] The QCC test is a conservative approximation of IRS Notice 2003-31 — it errs on the side of flagging deeper-ITM calls. Loss-deferral computation, the §1092(b) modified wash-sale rule, and identified-straddle elections are deferred to a future release.

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Always-on Service

net-alpha service is an opt-in launchd-supervised process that hosts the FastAPI app and runs four background jobs:

Job	Schedule	What it does
price_refresh	Every 4 hours	Refreshes quotes for all held and targeted tickers
washsale_watch	Daily 04:00 + on every import	Forward-simulates PositionTargets and surfaces §1091 risk pills on the Plan view
backup	Daily 03:30 UTC	WAL-safe snapshot of ~/.net_alpha/; prunes to 14 daily + 10 pre-mutation + 2 GB cap
verify	Weekly Sunday 04:30	Audits live KPIs against pure-function recomputes; surfaces divergences in the Verify badge

Lifecycle commands

Command	Effect
net-alpha service install	Provision runtime venv, write launchd plist + sandbox profile, load the agent. Idempotent.
net-alpha service start / stop / restart	Lifecycle control. stop survives reboots until start.
net-alpha service pause / resume	Freeze background jobs while keeping the dashboard reachable.
net-alpha service status [--json]	Health report.
net-alpha service logs [-f]	View or tail the service log.
net-alpha service uninstall	Remove plist, sandbox, and runtime venv. Data at ~/.net_alpha/net_alpha.db is preserved.

The /settings/service page exposes the same controls in the UI, plus a recent-runs history and a live status pill in the site header.

[!IMPORTANT] The runtime venv lives at ~/.net_alpha/venv/ — outside ~/Documents/ so launchd's TCC identity can reach it. To make the running service reflect code changes, re-run net-alpha service install. For active development, run net-alpha … directly from your editable .venv.

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Architecture

CSV → BrokerParser → Trade (Pydantic) ──► SQLite (~/.net_alpha/net_alpha.db)
                                              │
                                              ├─► Wash-sale engine  (incremental ±30-day window, deferred + permanent_ira)
                                              ├─► §1256 classifier  (60/40 LT/ST split + year-end MTM)
                                              ├─► §1092 straddle detector
                                              ├─► Reconciliation    (vs. broker Realized G/L)
                                              └─► Portfolio / planner / pricing  (pure functions)
                                                                │
                                                  ┌─────────────┴─────────────┐
                                                  ▼                           ▼
                                            Typer CLI                 FastAPI + HTMX UI
                                                                              │
                                                                launchd-supervised service
                                                          (price_refresh · washsale_watch · backup · verify)

Layer	Technology
Language	Python 3.11+
Package management	uv
Data models	pydantic v2
ORM / storage	sqlmodel over SQLite
CLI	typer[all]
Web framework	fastapi + Jinja2 (optional)
Frontend	HTMX, Alpine.js, ApexCharts, SortableJS (all vendored)
Styling	Tailwind CSS + Lucide icons (vendored)
Background jobs	APScheduler
Encryption	cryptography AES-256-GCM
Linting / formatting	ruff
Testing	pytest + factory-boy

Key design decisions:

• Incremental recompute — only the ±30-day window around affected trade dates is recalculated on import or removal; no full-table scans.
• Single SQLite DB — all trades, all years, all accounts in one file enables cross-year window detection without joins across files.
• Pure engine functions — wash-sale logic is fully decoupled from storage and UI; every emitted violation is reproducible from source trades alone.
• No business logic in web/ — the web layer calls existing public seams only (Repository, engine functions, audit/portfolio/planner pure functions).
• Schema versioning — hand-written ALTER TABLE migrations tracked via a meta table; currently at v26.

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Development

# Clone and install everything
git clone https://github.com/chen-star/net_alpha.git
cd net_alpha
uv sync --extra ui --extra dev

# Run tests
uv run pytest                            # full suite
uv run pytest tests/engine/             # by directory
uv run pytest -k "test_wash_sale"       # by pattern

# Lint and format
uv run ruff check .
uv run ruff format .

# Rebuild frontend assets (optional)
make build-css                           # Tailwind bundle
make vendor-lucide                       # Lucide icons
make vendor-apex                         # ApexCharts

See docs/DEVELOPMENT.md for the full setup guide, docs/TESTING.md for coverage thresholds and Playwright snapshot tests, and docs/ARCHITECTURE.md for a deeper dive into the component model.

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Disclaimer

[!IMPORTANT] This tool is for informational purposes only and does not constitute tax or legal advice. Wash sale rules — especially around options and ETFs — involve unsettled areas of tax law. Any match labeled Probable or Unclear should be reviewed with a qualified CPA before making filing decisions.

_{If net-alpha saves you a CPA call this tax season, consider starring the repo — it's the best signal for other traders looking for a tool they can trust with their tax data.}