webargs-starlette 2.1.0

Parser Usage

Use parser.parse to parse a Starlette Request with a dictionary of fields.

from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
from webargs import fields
from webargs_starlette import parser

app = Starlette()


@app.route("/")
async def homepage(request):
    args = {
        "name": fields.Str(required=True),
        "greeting": fields.Str(load_default="hello"),
    }
    parsed = await parser.parse(args, request)
    greeting = parsed["greeting"]
    name = parsed["name"]
    return JSONResponse({"message": f"{greeting} {name}"})

Decorators

Use the use_args decorator to inject the parsed arguments dictionary into the handler function. The following snippet is equivalent to the first example.

Important: Decorated functions MUST be coroutine functions.

from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
from webargs import fields
from webargs_starlette import use_args

app = Starlette()


@app.route("/")
@use_args(
    {"name": fields.Str(required=True), "greeting": fields.Str(load_default="hello")}
)
async def homepage(request, args):
    greeting = args["greeting"]
    name = args["name"]
    return JSONResponse({"message": f"{greeting} {name}"})

The use_kwargs decorator injects the parsed arguments as keyword arguments.

from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
from webargs import fields
from webargs_starlette import use_args

app = Starlette()


@app.route("/")
@use_kwargs(
    {"name": fields.Str(required=True), "greeting": fields.Str(load_default="hello")}
)
async def homepage(request, name, greeting):
    return JSONResponse({"message": f"{greeting} {name}"})

See decorator_example.py for a more complete example of use_args and use_kwargs usage.

Error Handling

When validation fails, the parser will raise a WebargsHTTPException, which is the same as Starlette’s HTTPException with the addition of of the messages (validation messages), headers , exception (underlying exception), and schema (marshmallow Schema) attributes.

You can use a custom exception handler to return the error messages as JSON.

from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
from webargs_starlette import WebargsHTTPException


@app.exception_handler(WebargsHTTPException)
async def http_exception(request, exc):
    return JSONResponse(exc.messages, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=exc.headers)

Annotations

The use_annotations decorator allows you to parse request objects using type annotations.

from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
from webargs_starlette import use_annotations

app = Starlette()


@app.route("/")
@use_annotations(location="query")
async def welcome(request, name: str = "Friend"):
    return JSONResponse({"message": f"Welcome, {name}!"})


# curl 'http://localhost:5000/'.
# {"message":"Welcome, Friend!"}
# curl 'http://localhost:5000/?name=Ada'.
# {"message":"Welcome, Ada!"}

Any annotated argument that doesn’t have a default value will be required. For example, if we remove the default for name in the above example, an 422 error response is returned if ?name isn’t passed.

from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
from webargs_starlette import use_annotations, WebargsHTTPException

app = Starlette()


@app.route("/")
@use_annotations(location="query")
async def welcome(request, name: str):
    return JSONResponse({"message": f"Welcome, {name}!"})


@app.exception_handler(WebargsHTTPException)
async def http_exception(request, exc):
    return JSONResponse(exc.messages, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=exc.headers)


# curl "http://localhost:5000/"
# {"name":["Missing data for required field."]}

Arguments may also be annotated with Field instances when you need more control. For example, you may want to add a validator.

from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
from webargs import fields
from marshmallow import validate
from webargs_starlette import use_annotations, WebargsHTTPException

app = Starlette()


@app.route("/")
@use_annotations(location="query")
async def welcome(request, name: fields.Str(validate=validate.Length(min=2))):
    return JSONResponse({"message": f"Welcome, {name}!"})


@app.exception_handler(WebargsHTTPException)
async def http_exception(request, exc):
    return JSONResponse(exc.messages, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=exc.headers)


# curl "http://localhost:5000/?name=A"
# {"name":["Shorter than minimum length 2."]}

HTTPEndpoint methods may also be decorated with use_annotations.

from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
from starlette.endpoints import HTTPEndpoint
from webargs_starlette import use_annotations

app = Starlette()


@app.route("/")
class WelcomeEndpoint(HTTPEndpoint):
    @use_annotations(location="query")
    async def get(self, request, name: str = "World"):
        return JSONResponse({"message": f"Welcome, {name}!"})

See annotation_example.py for a more complete example of use_annotations usage.

More

For more information on how to use webargs, see the webargs documentation.