websocket-client
websocket-client is a WebSocket client for Python. It provides access to low level APIs for WebSockets. websocket-client implements version hybi-13 of the WebSocket protocol. This client does not currently support the permessage-deflate extension from RFC 7692.
Documentation
This project's documentation can be found at https://websocket-client.readthedocs.io/
Contributing
Please see the contribution guidelines
Installation
You can use pip install websocket-client to install, or pip install -e .
to install from a local copy of the code. This module is tested on Python 3.10+.
There are several optional dependencies that can be installed to enable specific websocket-client features.
- To install
python-socksfor proxy usage andwsaccelfor a minor performance boost, use:pip install websocket-client[optional] - To install
websocketsto run unit tests using the local echo server, use:pip install websocket-client[test] - To install
Sphinxandsphinx_rtd_themeto build project documentation, use:pip install websocket-client[docs]
While not a strict dependency, rel
is useful when using run_forever with automatic reconnect. Install rel with pip install rel.
Footnote: Some shells, such as zsh, require you to escape the [ and ] characters with a \.
Usage Tips
Check out the documentation's FAQ for additional guidelines: https://websocket-client.readthedocs.io/en/latest/faq.html
Known issues with this library include lack of WebSocket Compression support (RFC 7692) and minimal threading documentation/support.
Performance
The send and validate_utf8 methods can sometimes be bottleneck.
You can disable UTF8 validation in this library (and receive a
performance enhancement) with the skip_utf8_validation parameter.
If you want to get better performance, install wsaccel. While
websocket-client does not depend on wsaccel, it will be used if
available. wsaccel doubles the speed of UTF8 validation and
offers a very minor 10% performance boost when masking the
payload data as part of the send process. Numpy used to
be a suggested performance enhancement alternative, but
issue #687
found it didn't help.
Examples
Many more examples are found in the examples documentation.
Long-lived Connection
Most real-world WebSockets situations involve longer-lived connections.
The WebSocketApp run_forever loop will automatically try to reconnect
to an open WebSocket connection when a network
connection is lost if it is provided with:
- a
dispatcherargument (async dispatcher like rel or pyevent) - a non-zero
reconnectargument (delay between disconnection and attempted reconnection)
run_forever provides a variety of event-based connection controls
using callbacks like on_message and on_error.
run_forever does not automatically reconnect if the server
closes the WebSocket gracefully (returning
a standard websocket close code).
This is the logic behind the decision.
Customizing behavior when the server closes
the WebSocket should be handled in the on_close callback.
This example uses rel
for the dispatcher to provide automatic reconnection.
import websocket
import _thread
import time
import rel
def on_message(ws, message):
print(message)
def on_error(ws, error):
print(error)
def on_close(ws, close_status_code, close_msg):
print("### closed ###")
def on_open(ws):
print("Opened connection")
if __name__ == "__main__":
websocket.enableTrace(True)
ws = websocket.WebSocketApp("wss://api.gemini.com/v1/marketdata/BTCUSD",
on_open=on_open,
on_message=on_message,
on_error=on_error,
on_close=on_close)
ws.run_forever(dispatcher=rel, reconnect=5) # Set dispatcher to automatic reconnection, 5 second reconnect delay if connection closed unexpectedly
rel.signal(2, rel.abort) # Keyboard Interrupt
rel.dispatch()
Short-lived Connection
This is if you want to communicate a short message and disconnect immediately when done. For example, if you want to confirm that a WebSocket server is running and responds properly to a specific request.
from websocket import create_connection
ws = create_connection("ws://echo.websocket.events/")
print(ws.recv())
print("Sending 'Hello, World'...")
ws.send("Hello, World")
print("Sent")
print("Receiving...")
result = ws.recv()
print("Received '%s'" % result)
ws.close()
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