webtoolkit
webtoolkit provides utilities and interfaces for processing and managing Internet data, including URL parsing, HTTP status handling, page type recognition (HTML, RSS, OPML), and support for integrating crawling systems.
Features
- URL parsing and cleaning
- HTTP status code classification
- Page abstraction interfaces (HtmlPage, RssPage, OpmlPage, etc.)
- Interfaces for integrating with crawling systems
Remote crawling is supported via crawler-buddy. Provides various crawlers and handlers using interfaces from this package.
Available on pypi.
Install by
pip install webtoolkit
Url processing
To obtain a Url’s data, you can simply do:
url = BaseUrl("https://example.com")
response = url.get_response()
url.get_title()
url.get_description()
url.get_lanugage()
url.get_date_published()
url.get_author()
url.get_feeds()
url.get_entries()
BaseUrl automatically detects and supports many different page types, including YouTube, GitHub, Reddit, and others.
Chain of data
url = BaseUrl("https://example.com")
response = url.get_response()
handler = url.get_handler()
page = handler.get_page()
Page definitions
BaseUrl supports various page types through different classes
HTML pages
page = HtmlPage(url, contents)
page.get_title()
page.get_description()
page.get_lanugage()
page.get_date_published()
page.get_author()
page.get_feeds()
RSS pages
page = RssPage(url, contents)
page.get_title()
page.get_description()
page.get_lanugage()
page.get_date_published()
page.get_author()
page.get_entries()
OPML pages
page = OpmlPage(url, contents)
page.get_entries()
Url location processing
Sanitize link and remove trackers:
location = UrlLocation(link).get_clean()
Extract domain name:
location = UrlLocation(link).get_domain()
Parse and reconstruct links
location = UrlLocation(link)
parsed_data = location.parse_url()
link = location.join(parsed_data) - joins back parsed data into a link
Navigate up the URL structure Go up in the link hierarchy — first to the parent path, then to the domain, and finally to the domain root.
location = UrlLocation(link).up()
is_onion = UrlLocation(link).is_onion()
is_domain = UrlLocation(link).is_domain()
is_image = UrlLocation(link).is_image()
is_audio = UrlLocation(link).is_audio()
is_video = UrlLocation(link).is_video()
is_web_link = UrlLocation(link).is_web_link() # https://example.com/file.js is a web link
is_webpage_link = UrlLocation(link).is_webpage_link() # https://example.com/file.js is not a webpage link (it is a file, not a page)
Content processing
Internet contents can be parsed in various ways.
Extracts links from contents
ContentLinkParser(contents).get_links()
Obtain text ready for display
ContentText(text).htmlify() # returns text, where http links are turned into HTML links
ContentText(text).noattrs() # removes HTML attributes
Status analysis. Note that from some status we cannot know if page is OK, or not.
is_status_code_valid(status_code) # provides information if input status code indicates the page is OK
is_status_code_invalid(status_code) # provides information if input status code indicates the page is invalid
HTTP processing - requests
Communication is performed via request - response pairs.
Request HTTP object allows to make HTTP call.
request = PageRequestObject()
To send request to any scraping / crawling server just encode it to GET params
url_data = request_encode(request)
json_data = request_to_json(request) # json
request = json_to_request(json_data) # json
HTTP processing - response
Check for valid HTTP responses:
PageResponseObject().is_valid()
Check for invalid HTTP responses:
PageResponseObject().is_invalid()
To check if response is captcha protected
PageResponseObject().is_captcha_protected()
Note: Some status codes may indicate uncertain results (e.g. throttling), where the page cannot be confirmed as valid or invalid yet.
To obtain page structure from response, simply
PageResponseObject().get_page() # can return HtmlPage, RssPage, etc.
Response communication is done via JSON
json_data = response_to_json(response) # convert response to JSON
response = json_to_response(json_data) # convert JSON to response
response_to_file(response, file_name) # write response to file
response = file_to_response(file_name) # read response from file
To obtain page contents object:
page = PageResponseObject().get_page() # returns type of page, be it HtmlPage, RssPage, etc.
Request handling is done simiarly
json_data = request_to_json(request) # convert request to JSON
response = json_to_request(json_data) # convert JSON to response
request_to_file(request, file_name) # write request to file
response = file_to_request(file_name) # read request from file
Remote interfaces
You can use existing scraping servers.
- RemoteUrl - Wrapper around RemoteServer for easy access to remote data. Provides API similar to BaseUrl.
url = RemoteUrl("http://192.168.0.168...")
response = url.get_response()
url.get_title()
url.get_description()
url.get_lanugage()
url.get_date_published()
url.get_author()
url.get_feeds()
url.get_entries()
The communication between client and server should be through JSON requests and responses.
Other classes
- RemoteServer - Interface for calling external crawling systems
Standard interfaces
Two standard interfaces
- CrawlerInterface - Standard interface for crawler implementations
- HandlerInterface - Allows implementing custom handlers for different use cases
Crawlers are different means of obtaining Internet data. Examples: requests, selenium, playwright, httpx, curlcffi. This package does not provide them, to make it more clean and neat.
Handlers are classes that allows automatic deduction of links, places, video codes from links, or data. Examples: youtube handler can use yt-dlp to obtain channel video list, or obtain channel ID, etc.
Default User agents
webtoolkit.get_default_user_agent()
Default User headers
webtoolkit.get_default_headers()
Testing
webtoolkit provides data and facilities that will aid you in testing.
You can use them in your project:
- FakeResponse
- MockUrl
Project also provides manual tests that check if project works
make tests
make tests-unit # run unit tests
make tests-real # tests performed on real internet data
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