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轻量 A 股数据库封装,基于 Parquet (Hive 分区) + DuckDB

Project description

xxydb

轻量 A 股数据库封装,基于 Parquet (Hive 分区) + DuckDB,提供简洁的写入/查询 API。

安装

pip install xxydb

本地开发安装:

git clone https://github.com/xxydb/xxydb.git
cd xxydb
pip install -e .

快速开始

import pandas as pd
from xxydb import xxydb

# 初始化(指定数据存储路径)
db = xxydb(path="./my_data")

# 写入数据(按年分区)
df = pd.DataFrame({
    "date": pd.date_range("2024-01-01", periods=100),
    "code": ["000001"] * 100,
    "close": range(100),
})
db.write_data(df, id="daily_bar", date_col="date", partitioning="年",
              unique_together=["date", "code"])

# SQL 查询
result = db.query("SELECT * FROM daily_bar WHERE close > 50").df()
print(result)

# 查看所有表
print(db.tables())

# 删除表
db.delete("daily_bar")

# 关闭连接
db.close()

上下文管理器

with xxydb(path="./my_data") as db:
    db.write_data(df, id="daily_bar", date_col="date")
    result = db.query("SELECT * FROM daily_bar").df()
# 连接自动关闭

分区模式

参数值 目录结构
"年" table/year=2024/data.parquet
"月" table/year=2024/month=01/data.parquet
"日" table/year=2024/month=01/day=15/data.parquet
None table/data.parquet(不分区)

Schema(字段描述)

xxydb 支持为每张表管理字段描述信息,方便记录各列的含义。

写入时指定 schema

schema = {
    "date":  {"desc": "交易日期"},
    "code":  {"desc": "股票代码(6位)"},
    "close": {"desc": "日收盘价(元)"},
}
db.write_data(df, id="daily_bar", date_col="date", partitioning="年",
              unique_together=["date", "code"], schema=schema)

未提供 schema 时,会自动从 DataFrame 推断字段类型(desc 留空)。手动传入的 schema 会与自动推断结果合并,已有字段的描述会被更新,新字段会追加。

单独设置 schema

对已有表补充或修改字段描述,无需重新写入数据:

db.set_schema("daily_bar", {
    "close": {"desc": "日收盘价(前复权,元)"},
})

查看表结构

describe() 返回一个 DataFrame,包含字段名、物理类型、说明、是否主键:

print(db.describe("daily_bar"))
#     字段    物理类型          说明  是否主键
# 0   date  BYTE_ARRAY      交易日期      True
# 1   code  BYTE_ARRAY  股票代码(6位)     True
# 2  close      DOUBLE   日收盘价(元)    False

API 参考

write_data(data, id, date_col="date", partitioning="年", unique_together=None, rewrite=True, schema=None)

将 DataFrame 写入存储。

参数 说明
data 要写入的 DataFrame
id 表名
date_col 日期列名,默认 "date"
partitioning 分区粒度:"年" / "月" / "日" / None
unique_together 主键列表,指定后自动去重;None 不去重
rewrite True 保留最新数据(覆盖),False 保留旧数据
schema 字段描述字典,如 {"close": {"desc": "收盘价"}}

query(sql)

执行 SQL 查询,返回 DuckDB 结果对象(调用 .df() 转为 DataFrame)。

tables()

返回所有已注册的表名列表。

describe(id)

返回指定表的字段描述 DataFrame(字段、物理类型、说明、是否主键)。

set_schema(id, schema)

为已有表设置或更新字段描述,无需重新写入数据。

delete(id)

删除指定表(数据文件、DuckDB 视图、配置)。

close()

关闭 DuckDB 连接。也可通过 with 语句自动管理。

License

MIT

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