YesDB

A lightweight relational database built from scratch in Python with SQL support, B-tree storage, and a cloud Backend-as-a-Service for students.

Installation

# Local only
pip install yesdb

# With cloud support
pip install yesdb[cloud]

Quick Start

Local Mode

from yesdb import connect

db = connect("myapp.db")
db.execute("CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER)")
db.execute("INSERT INTO users VALUES (NULL, 'Alice', 30)")
results = db.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
for row in results:
    print(row)
db.close()

Cloud Mode

YesDB Cloud lets you host your database on a remote server. Perfect for student projects that need a real backend.

1. Sign up and create a database

yesdb signup
# Email: student@uni.edu
# Password: ********
# -> Account created! Logged in.

yesdb init myproject
# -> Created yesdb/ folder with schema.py
# -> Database "myproject" created on cloud.

2. Define your schema

After running yesdb init, you'll have a yesdb/schema.py file in your project. Edit it:

# yesdb/schema.py
from yesdb import Table, Column, Integer, Text, Real

users = Table("users", [
    Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
    Column("name", Text),
    Column("email", Text),
])

products = Table("products", [
    Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
    Column("name", Text),
    Column("price", Real),
])

3. Push your schema to the cloud

yesdb push
# -> Connecting to myproject database...
# -> Table "users" created
# -> Table "products" created
# -> Schema synced. 2 tables pushed.

4. Use in your code

from yesdb import connect

db = connect("myproject")  # uses saved credentials automatically

db.execute("INSERT INTO users VALUES (NULL, 'Alice', 'alice@uni.edu')")
db.execute("INSERT INTO users VALUES (NULL, 'Bob', 'bob@uni.edu')")

rows = db.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
for row in rows:
    print(row)

Every response includes the database engine's internal logs (B-tree operations, SQL parsing, page allocations), so you can see exactly what's happening under the hood.

5. Use with FastAPI or Flask

# main.py
from fastapi import FastAPI
from yesdb import connect

app = FastAPI()
db = connect("myproject")

@app.get("/users")
def get_users():
    rows = db.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
    return {"users": [list(row) for row in rows]}

@app.post("/users")
def create_user(name: str, email: str):
    db.execute(f"INSERT INTO users VALUES (NULL, '{name}', '{email}')")
    return {"status": "created"}

CLI Commands

yesdb signup              # Create an account
yesdb login               # Login to existing account
yesdb init <db_name>      # Initialize a project with a cloud database
yesdb push                # Push schema.py to the cloud
yesdb databases           # List your databases
yesdb shell <db_name>     # Interactive SQL shell against a cloud database

Local CLI Shell

yesdb-local mydatabase.db

YesDB> CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER);
YesDB> INSERT INTO users VALUES (NULL, 'Alice', 30);
YesDB> SELECT * FROM users;

.help          Show help
.tables        List all tables
.schema        Show table schemas
.exit          Exit shell

Features

• SQL Support: CREATE, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP, ALTER TABLE
• Data Types: INTEGER, TEXT, REAL, BLOB
• Query Features: WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT, OFFSET, DISTINCT
• B-Tree Storage: Efficient indexing and data retrieval
• No Dependencies: Pure Python implementation (local mode)
• Cloud BaaS: Host your database remotely with a single command
• Schema DSL: Define tables in Python, push to cloud
• Engine Logs: See B-tree splits, page allocations, and SQL parsing in every response
• Interactive Shell: Built-in SQL shell (local and cloud)
• Auto-increment: PRIMARY KEY auto-increment support

SQL Examples

-- Create table
CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, email TEXT, age INTEGER)

-- Insert data
INSERT INTO users VALUES (NULL, 'Alice', 'alice@example.com', 30)
INSERT INTO users VALUES (NULL, 'Bob', 'bob@example.com', 25)

-- Query with conditions
SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 25
SELECT name, email FROM users WHERE name = 'Alice'

-- Order and limit
SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY age DESC
SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5

-- Update and delete
UPDATE users SET age = 31 WHERE name = 'Alice'
DELETE FROM users WHERE age < 18

-- Alter table
ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN country TEXT

-- Drop table
DROP TABLE users

How Cloud Mode Works

Your machine                   YesDB Cloud Server
────────────────               ──────────────────
yesdb CLI (signup/login/push)   ┌─────────────────┐
   <-> HTTPS                    │ nginx (SSL)      │
yesdb SDK (connect/execute)     │  └─ FastAPI      │
                                │     ├─ auth      │
                                │     └─ data/     │
                                │       ├─ user1/  │
                                │       │  └─ *.db │
                                │       └─ user2/  │
                                │          └─ *.db │
                                └─────────────────┘

• Each user gets their own isolated account with multiple databases
• All traffic is encrypted over HTTPS
• Authentication via API key (generated at signup, saved locally)
• Database engine logs are returned with every query for full transparency

Security

Local Mode

• Path validation (blocks system file access)
• Resource limits (SQL length, record size)
• Input validation (table/column names)

Cloud Mode

• HTTPS encryption (TLS via Let's Encrypt)
• API key authentication (SHA-256 hashed, never stored in plaintext)
• Password hashing (bcrypt)
• Per-user data isolation
• Request size limits

Development

Install from Source

git clone https://github.com/AzharAhmed-bot/yesdb.git
cd yes_db
pip install -e ".[cloud]"

Run Tests

pip install pytest
pytest

Requirements

• Python 3.8+
• No external dependencies (local mode)
• requests (cloud mode, installed with pip install yesdb[cloud])

License

MIT License - see LICENSE file

Links

• PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/yesdb/
• GitHub: https://github.com/AzharAhmed-bot/yesdb
• Issues: https://github.com/AzharAhmed-bot/yesdb/issues

Version

Current version: 0.2.0 (Beta)

Changelog

v0.2.0 (Beta)

• New: GROUP BY with aggregate functions — COUNT, COUNT(*), SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, combinable with WHERE, ORDER BY, and LIMIT/OFFSET.
• Fix: Cloud server connection pool had a race condition — concurrent requests could open duplicate connections to the same database, or run unsynchronized queries against it, risking corruption. Access per database is now serialized.
• New: Query execution timeout on the cloud server (default 10s, configurable via YESDB_QUERY_TIMEOUT_SECONDS) so a slow query can't block every other user of that database indefinitely.
• Status: Moved from Alpha to Beta. Local Mode is beta-ready; Cloud Mode is feature-complete and tested but not currently deployed (see Cloud Mode section).

v0.1.5 (bug fixes)

• Fix: from yesdb import connect now works correctly. A yesdb compatibility package is included so the import matches the PyPI package name.
• Fix: Table.to_sql() now emits the PRIMARY KEY constraint in the generated CREATE TABLE SQL, so auto-increment works as expected when inserting NULL into a primary key column.

Note: YesDB is an educational database built from scratch to teach database internals. For production systems, consider SQLite, PostgreSQL, or MySQL.