zohidpy 0.1.1

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ZohidPy

A minimal WSGI web framework built from scratch to understand how web frameworks work internally.

ZohidPy is intentionally small and explicit.
It is designed for learning, experimentation, and understanding routing, middleware, request/response handling, templating, and static file serving without heavy abstractions.

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Installation

pip install zohidpy

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Quick Start

from waitress import serve
from zohidpy.app import ZohidPy

app = ZohidPy()

@app.route("/home")
def home(request, response):
    response.text = "Hello from ZohidPy!"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    serve(app, listen="localhost:8000")

Run:

python main.py

Visit:

http://localhost:8000/home

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Features

• Function-based routing
• Class-based routing
• Dynamic URL parameters
• JSON / Text / HTML response helpers
• Jinja2 template rendering
• Static file serving (WhiteNoise)
• Middleware system
• Custom exception handlers
• Built-in test client
• Fully WSGI compatible

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Routing

Function-Based Routing

@app.route("/home")
def home(request, response):
    response.text = "Hello from home"

Dynamic Routes

@app.route("/hello/{name}")
def greet(request, response, name):
    response.text = f"Hello {name}"

Class-Based Routing

@app.route("/books")
class Books:
    def get(self, request, response):
        response.text = "Books page"

    def post(self, request, response):
        response.text = "Create a book"

If a method is not defined, the framework returns:

405 Method Not Allowed

Restricting Allowed Methods

@app.route("/home", allowed_methods=["post"])
def home(request, response):
    response.text = "POST only"

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Response Helpers

JSON

resp.json = {"name": "zohid"}

Automatically sets:

Content-Type: application/json

Plain Text

resp.text = "Hello world"

Sets:

Content-Type: text/plain

HTML

resp.html = "<h1>Hello</h1>"

Sets:

Content-Type: text/html

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Templates (Jinja2)

Default directory:

templates/

Example:

@app.route("/template")
def template_handler(req, resp):
    resp.html = app.template(
        "home.html",
        context={"title": "My Page"}
    )

Custom template directory:

app = ZohidPy(templates_dir="my_templates")

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Static Files

Static files are served using WhiteNoise.

Default directory:

static/

Accessible via:

/static/filename.css

Custom directory:

app = ZohidPy(static_dir="assets")

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Middleware

Create middleware by subclassing Middleware:

from zohidpy.middleware import Middleware

class LoggingMiddleware(Middleware):
    def process_request(self, req):
        print("Request:", req.url)

    def process_response(self, req, resp):
        print("Response generated")

app.add_middleware(LoggingMiddleware)

Middleware lifecycle:

1. process_request
2. route handler
3. process_response

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Custom Exception Handling

def on_exception(req, resp, exc):
    resp.text = "Something went wrong"

app.add_exception_handler(on_exception)

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Testing

ZohidPy includes a built-in test client:

test_client = app.test_session()

Example test:

def test_home(app, test_client):
    @app.route("/home")
    def home(req, resp):
        resp.text = "Hello"

    response = test_client.get("http://testingserver/home")
    assert response.text == "Hello"

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Deployment

ZohidPy is fully WSGI-compatible.

Waitress

waitress-serve --listen=0.0.0.0:8000 main:app

Gunicorn

gunicorn main:app

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Internal Architecture Overview

High-level request flow:

1. WSGI entry point receives request
2. Static files handled via WhiteNoise
3. Middleware layer executes
4. Route resolution via pattern matching
5. Handler execution
6. Response object constructs final WebOb response

The design favors clarity over abstraction.

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License

This project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0 — see the LICENSE file for details.

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Author

Zohidjon Mahmudjonov

• GitHub: @zohidjon-m
• Email: [e-mail]