ZooKeeper Utils

A toolbox for working with files generated by Apache ZooKeeper™ provided both as a 🐍 Python library and a 💻 CLI.

pipx run zookeeper-utils parse-snapshot ./example/data/version-2/snapshot.3 | jq

{
    "header": {
        "magic": 1514885966,
        "version": 2,
        "db_id": "-0x1"
    },
    "sessions": [
...
    ],
    "digest": {
        "zxid": "0x3",
        "digest_version": 2,
        "digest": "0xcfe60d81"
    }
}

🚧 WORK IN PROGRESS 🚧

Very much work in progress. I mostly got it to a point where it was able to process all the snapshots that we have at work.

• Inspect transaction logs
• Inspect snapshots
  • basic parsing
  • support for digest.enabled = false
  • support for serializeLastProcessedZxid.enabled = true (introduced in ZK 3.9.0)
• Compute integrity checks
• Compute state of DataTree after recovery (after applying the transactions on top of the fuzzy snapshot)

💻 CLI

zookeeper-utils --help
usage: zookeeper-utils [-h] {parse-snapshot,parse-log,transaction-ranges,checksum,is-restorable} ...

Zookeeper snapshot utilities

positional arguments:
  {parse-snapshot,parse-log,transaction-ranges,checksum,is-restorable}
    parse-snapshot      parse a snapshot file
    parse-log           parse a txlog file
    transaction-ranges  scan the log files in a directory and output the contiguous ranges of available transactions
    checksum            computes an Adler32 checksum and compares it to the one at the end of the file
    is-restorable       validates that a snapshot in conjuction with the log files can be restored into a valid state

options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

Commands

parse-snapshot

Parses a snapshot file and outputs in JSON format. Ideal for piping into jq for further processing.

This fails if any of the data is in the wrong format or if the checksums don't match.

usage: zookeeper-utils parse-snapshot [-h] [--path-include [ZNODE_PATH_INCLUDE ...]] [--timestamp-format {numeric,iso}] [--data-format {base64,text,json}] filename

positional arguments:
  filename              path to the snapshot file

options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --path-include [ZNODE_PATH_INCLUDE ...]
                        Paths to include. Use * as wildcard value.
  --timestamp-format {numeric,iso}
                        format used to output timestamps. "numeric" will output timestamps as milliseconds since epoch. "iso" will output timestamps as ISO 8601 strings.
  --data-format {base64,text,json}
                        format used to output the znode's data. "text" will parse the data as UTF-8 strings. Keep in mind that ALL the znodes must be encodable in this format so if you specify "json" you need to
                        make sure that all your znodes contain valid JSON. See --path-include to filter.

zookeeper-utils parse-snapshot ./example/data/version-2/snapshot.3

{
    "header": {
        "magic": 1514885966,
        "version": 2,
        "db_id": "-0x1"
    },
    "sessions": [
        {
            "id": "0x100004a14420000",
            "timeout": 30000
        }
    ],
    "ACLs": {
        "1": [
            {
                "perms": 1,
                "id": {
                    "scheme": "world",
                    "id": "anyone"
                }
            }
        ],
        "2": [
            {
                "perms": 31,
                "id": {
                    "scheme": "world",
                    "id": "anyone"
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "nodes": [
        {
            "path": "",
            "data": "",
            "acl": -1,
            "stat": {
                "czxid": "0x0",
                "mzxid": "0x0",
                "ctime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00Z",
                "mtime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00Z",
                "version": 0,
                "cversion": 1,
                "aversion": 0,
                "ephemeralOwner": "0x0",
                "pzxid": "0x2"
            }
        },
        {
            "path": "/zookeeper",
            "data": "",
            "acl": -1,
            "stat": {
                "czxid": "0x0",
                "mzxid": "0x0",
                "ctime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00Z",
                "mtime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00Z",
                "version": 0,
                "cversion": 0,
                "aversion": 0,
                "ephemeralOwner": "0x0",
                "pzxid": "0x0"
            }
        },
        {
            "path": "/zookeeper/config",
            "data": "",
            "acl": 1,
            "stat": {
                "czxid": "0x0",
                "mzxid": "0x0",
                "ctime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00Z",
                "mtime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00Z",
                "version": 0,
                "cversion": 0,
                "aversion": -1,
                "ephemeralOwner": "0x0",
                "pzxid": "0x0"
            }
        },
        {
            "path": "/zookeeper/quota",
            "data": "",
            "acl": -1,
            "stat": {
                "czxid": "0x0",
                "mzxid": "0x0",
                "ctime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00Z",
                "mtime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00Z",
                "version": 0,
                "cversion": 0,
                "aversion": 0,
                "ephemeralOwner": "0x0",
                "pzxid": "0x0"
            }
        },
        {
            "path": "/top-level-node",
            "data": "",
            "acl": 2,
            "stat": {
                "czxid": "0x2",
                "mzxid": "0x2",
                "ctime": "2024-12-20T18:33:40.691000+00:00Z",
                "mtime": "2024-12-20T18:33:40.691000+00:00Z",
                "version": 0,
                "cversion": 1,
                "aversion": 0,
                "ephemeralOwner": "0x0",
                "pzxid": "0x3"
            }
        },
        {
            "path": "/top-level-node/child-1",
            "data": "Hello World",
            "acl": 2,
            "stat": {
                "czxid": "0x3",
                "mzxid": "0x3",
                "ctime": "2024-12-20T18:33:51.119000+00:00Z",
                "mtime": "2024-12-20T18:33:51.119000+00:00Z",
                "version": 0,
                "cversion": 0,
                "aversion": 0,
                "ephemeralOwner": "0x0",
                "pzxid": "0x3"
            }
        }
    ],
    "digest": {
        "zxid": "0x3",
        "digest_version": 2,
        "digest": "0xcfe60d81"
    }
}

parse-log

Parses a transaction log file and outputs in JSON format. Ideal for piping into jq for further processing.

usage: zookeeper-utils parse-log [-h] filename

positional arguments:
  filename    path to the log file

options:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit

zookeeper-utils parse-log ./example/logs/version-2/log.1

[
    {
        "tx": {
            "type": "CREATE_SESSION",
            "timeout": 30000
        },
        "header": {
            "client_id": 72057970402459648,
            "cxid": 0,
            "zxid": 1,
            "time": 1734720478611,
            "type": -10
        },
        "digest": {
            "version": 2,
            "tree_digest": 1371985504
        }
    },
    {
        "tx": {
            "type": "CREATE2",
            "path": "/top-level-node",
            "data": "...",
            "ephemeral": false,
            "parent_cversion": 1
        },
        "header": {
            "client_id": 72057970402459648,
            "cxid": 2,
            "zxid": 2,
            "time": 1734720499679,
            "type": 1
        },
        "digest": {
            "version": 2,
            "tree_digest": 2853959157
        }
    },
    {
        "tx": {
            "type": "CREATE2",
            "path": "/top-level-node/child-1",
            "data": "...",
            "ephemeral": false,
            "parent_cversion": 1
        },
        "header": {
            "client_id": 72057970402459648,
            "cxid": 3,
            "zxid": 3,
            "time": 1734720504813,
            "type": 1
        },
        "digest": {
            "version": 2,
            "tree_digest": 1446474057
        }
    }
]

transaction-ranges

Scans the transaction log files and reports the contiguous ranges of transactions available.

usage: zookeeper-utils transaction-ranges [-h] dir

positional arguments:
  dir         directory with log files

options:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit

zookeeper-utils transaction-ranges example/logs/version-2/

[
    [
        1,
        4,
        [
            {
                "logfile": "example/logs/version-2/log.1",
                "first": 1,
                "last": 3
            },
            {
                "logfile": "example/logs/version-2/log.4",
                "first": 4,
                "last": 4
            }
        ]
    ]
]

is-restorable

Extracts the last committed zxid when the snapshot started being generated from the snapshot filename (LOWEST_ZXID) and the zxid in the data-tree digest computed at the end of the snapshot generation process (HIGHEST_ZXID). It then goes over the available log files and checks that all the transactions between LOWEST_ZXID and HIGHEST_ZXID (inclusive) are available which is a requirement in order to correctly restore the state of ZooKeeper.

TODO how should this behave when multiple epochs are involved?

zookeeper-utils is-restorable --help
usage: zookeeper-utils is-restorable [-h] [--logdir LOGDIR] snapshot

positional arguments:
  snapshot         path to snapshot file

options:
  -h, --help       show this help message and exit
  --logdir LOGDIR  directory with log files

zookeeper-utils is-restorable ./example/data/version-2/snapshot.3 --logdir ./example/logs/version-2 | jq

{
  "restorable": true,
  "log_files": [
    {
      "name": "log.95e000d8b9e",
      "tx_count": 78885,
      "lowest_zxid": 10299332463518,
      "highest_zxid": 10299332542402,
      "required": true
    },
    {
      "name": "log.95e000ebfc3",
      "tx_count": 11683,
      "lowest_zxid": 10299332542403,
      "highest_zxid": 10299332554085,
      "required": true
    }
  ]
}

checksum

Computes Adler32 checksum of the snapshot and validates that it matches the one persisted at the end of the file. This can be used to check that the snapshot written fully - a common problem given that ZooKeeper makes no attempt at not exposing the snapshot files as they are beeing generated.

Significantly faster than fully parsing the file.

usage: zookeeper-utils checksum [-h] filename

positional arguments:
  filename    path to the snapshot file

options:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit

zookeeper-utils checksum ./example/data/version-2/snapshot.3

Expected Adler-32 checksum: 3571269761
Computed Adler-32 checksum: 3571269761
All OK

📚 Library

from zookeeper_utils import list_txlog_files, get_transaction_ranges, read_zookeeper_txlog, validate_snapshot_complete, validate_adler32, read_zookeeper_snapshot

TODO Until reference docs are made available see the module cli.py for examples of invocations.

⚙️ Development

Setup

• This project has a pyproject.toml file (see StackOverflow Answer).
• Inside of it, we declare that we use setup-tools as our build-backend.

Running the CLI

To run the CLI tool directly from the project directory you can take advantage of setup-tool's Development Mode:

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -e .

# you should now be able to invoke the CLI
# Any edits to the source code will be reflected in the next invocation
# (no need to reinstall)
zookeeper-utils --help

Publishing

(Based on official pypi docs)

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install --upgrade build twine
python -m build
python -m twine upload dist/*

How to Generate a ZooKeeper Snapshot

You can use the official zookeeper Docker image.

$ mkdir -p example/{data,logs};

$ docker run -d \
  --name example-zookeeper \
  --restart always \
  -v $(pwd)/example/data:/data \
  -v /Users/fghibellini/code/zookeeper-snapshot-python/example/logs:/datalog \
  -e ZOO_CFG_EXTRA="serializeLastProcessedZxid.enabled=false preAllocSize=1" \
  zookeeper:3.9.3

$ docker exec -it example-zookeeper zkCli.sh
...
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[zookeeper]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] create /top-level-node ""
Created /top-level-node
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create /top-level-node/child-1 "Hello World"
Created /top-level-node/child-1
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] <CTRL-D>
2024-12-20 18:33:52,684 [myid:] - INFO  [main:o.a.z.u.ServiceUtils@45] - Exiting JVM with code 0

# now we need to restart zookeeper in order to force it to generate a snapshot (it generates one on startup)
$ docker rm -f example-zookeeper
$ docker run -d \
  --name example-zookeeper \
  --restart always \
  -v $(pwd)/example/data:/data \
  -v /Users/fghibellini/code/zookeeper-snapshot-python/example/logs:/datalog \
  -e ZOO_CFG_EXTRA="serializeLastProcessedZxid.enabled=false preAllocSize=1" \
  zookeeper:3.9.3

$ rm example/data/version-2/snapshot.0 # the first snapshot is empty
$ zookeeper-utils parse-snapshot example/data/version-2/snapshot.*
{
    "header": {
        "magic": 1514885966,
        "version": 2,
        "db_id": "-0x1"
    },
...

• serializeLastProcessedZxid.enabled=false is used as support for this is not implemented yet
• preAllocSize=1 prevent ZooKeeper from preallocating huge transaction logs (we're only creating 3 transactions)