ztensor 0.1.0

Python bindings for the zTensor library.

zTensor File Format

Version 0.1.0

zTensor is a binary format for storing large multi-dimensional arrays (tensors), designed for efficient, safe, and flexible access. It supports raw and compressed (zstd) encodings, quantized and sparse layouts, and is extensible.

For dense tensors stored with encoding: "raw" and matching endianness, zTensor enables zero-copy access to tensor data.

File Layout

+-------------------------------+
| Magic Number (8 bytes)        |
+-------------------------------+
| Tensor Blob 0 (aligned)       |
+-------------------------------+
| Padding (if needed)           |
+-------------------------------+
| Tensor Blob 1 (aligned)       |
+-------------------------------+
| ...                           |
+-------------------------------+
| CBOR Metadata Array           |
+-------------------------------+
| CBOR Array Size (8 bytes)     |
+-------------------------------+

• Magic Number: ASCII "ZTEN0001" at offset 0.
• Tensor Blobs: Each tensor's data, starting at a 64-byte aligned offset. No per-blob headers. Padding (undefined value, usually zero) is inserted as needed.
• CBOR Metadata Array: At the end of the file, a CBOR-encoded array of metadata maps (one per tensor).
• CBOR Array Size: Last 8 bytes, little-endian uint64, gives the size of the CBOR array.

Tensor Metadata (CBOR Map)

Each tensor's metadata is a CBOR map with these required fields:

• name (string): Tensor name.
• offset (uint64): Absolute file offset to tensor data (multiple of 64).
• size (uint64): On-disk size in bytes (compressed if applicable).
• dtype (string): Data type (see below).
• shape (array): Array of dimensions (empty for scalar).
• encoding (string): Data encoding (see below).
• layout (string): "dense" (default) or "sparse". For sparse, see below.

Optional fields:

• data_endianness (string): "little" or "big" (default: little, for raw multi-byte types).
• checksum (string): e.g., "crc32c:0x1234ABCD" or "sha256:...".
• Custom fields are allowed; unknown keys are ignored by readers.

Supported Data Types (dtype)

• float64, float32, float16, bfloat16
• int64, int32, int16, int8
• uint64, uint32, uint16, uint8
• bool

Supported Encodings (encoding)

• raw: Direct binary dump of tensor elements (with data_endianness if multi-byte).
• zstd: Zstandard-compressed data. size is compressed size.

Layouts

• dense (default): Standard contiguous tensor data.
• sparse: Data is stored in a sparse format. The metadata map must include a sparse_format field (e.g., "csr", "coo") and any additional fields required to describe the sparse structure (such as index arrays, indptr, etc.).

Index Reading

To read the index:

1. Read the last 8 bytes for the CBOR array size.
2. Seek backwards by that amount to read the CBOR metadata array.

As a result, the start offset of the metadata is: (file size) - (size of the metadata) - (8 byte).

Zero-Tensor Files

A valid zTensor file may contain zero tensors:

• 8 bytes magic, 1 byte empty CBOR array (0x80), 8 bytes size (0x01...00).
• Total: 17 bytes.

Extensibility

• New dtype, encoding, and layout values may be added in future versions.
• Custom metadata fields are allowed; unknown fields are ignored.

Notes

• All offsets are absolute and account for the 8-byte magic number.
• All tensor data blobs are 64-byte aligned.
• No per-blob headers; all metadata is in the CBOR array at the end of the file.
• For encoding: "raw" and multi-byte dtype, data is little-endian unless data_endianness is specified.
• For sparse tensors, the metadata must fully describe the sparse structure.