zyncio 0.9.0

Write dual sync/async interfaces with minimal duplication.

ZyncIO

Write dual sync/async interfaces with minimal duplication.

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What is ZyncIO?

If I had a nickel for every almost identical interface I had to write, I'd have two nickels... which isn't a lot, but it's weird that I had to write it twice.

– Dr. Doofenshmirtz, before discovering ZyncIO.

ZyncIO allows you to write interfaces that can be used synchronously and asynchronously, while avoiding the code duplication this usually entails.

How does it work?

ZyncIO works due to the fact that in Python you can actually run a coroutine without an event loop, as long as your chain of awaits consists exclusively of other coroutines (i.e. no Futures or Tasks):

The behavior of await coroutine is effectively the same as invoking a regular, synchronous Python function.

– A Conceptual Overview of asyncio

To run such a coroutine, we simply call send(None), catch the StopIteration, and extract its value:

coro = pure_coroutine_func()
try:
    coro.send(None)
except StopIteration as e:
    ret = e.value

This means that a single async def function can be made to run in both synchronous and asynchronous contexts, as long as we have a way to determine which mode we're currently using:

async def zync_sleep(zync_mode: zyncio.Mode, secs: float) -> None:
    if zync_mode is zyncio.SYNC:
        time.sleep(secs)
    else:
        await asyncio.sleep(secs)

But this isn't very convenient; you need to pass an additional parameter, and running in sync mode is pretty clunky. That's where zyncio.zfunc comes in:

@zyncio.zfunc
async def zync_sleep(zync_mode: zyncio.Mode, secs: float) -> None:
    ...

zync_sleep.run_sync(3)
asyncio.run(zync_sleep.run_async(3))

@zyncio.zfunc
async def sleep_3(zync_mode: zyncio.Mode) -> None:
    await zync_sleep.run_zync(zync_mode, 3)
    # or
    await zync_sleep[zync_mode](3)

The real magic: SyncMixin/AsyncMixin, zyncio.zmethod, and zyncio.zproperty

The real power of ZyncIO comes out when implementing client interfaces:

1. Implement a single base client, using the zyncio.zmethod and zyncio.zproperty decorators.

2. Create two subclasses a sync client and an async client, adding the zyncio.SyncMixin and zyncio.AsyncMixin mixins respectively.

3. All of your zyncio.zmethods magically become sync methods on the sync client and async methods on the async client.

   All of the zyncio.zpropertys magically become properties on the sync client, and async methods on the async client.

class BaseClient(zyncio.ZyncBase):
    def __init__(self, sock: socket.socket) -> None:
        self.sock: socket.socket = sock

    @zyncio.zmethod
    async def send_msg(self, data: bytes) -> None:
        if self.__zync_mode__ is zyncio.SYNC:
            self.sock.sendall(data)
        else:
            loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
            await loop.sock_sendall(self.sock, data)

    @zyncio.zmethod
    async def recv_msg(self, n: int) -> bytes:
        buf = b''
        if self.__zync_mode__ is zyncio.SYNC:
            while len(buf) < n:
                buf += self.sock.recv(n)
        else:
            loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
            while len(buf) < n:
                buf += await loop.sock_recv(self.sock, n)
        return buf

    @zyncio.zmethod
    async def do_handshake(self) -> None:
        await self.send_msg.zync(HANDSHAKE_REQ)
        response = await self.recv_msg.zync(len(HANDSHAKE_RESP))
        if response != HANDSHAKE_RESP:
            raise RuntimeError('Handshake failed')

    @zyncio.zproperty
    async def status(self) -> str:
        await self.send_msg.zync(STATUS_REQ)
        return (await self.recv_msg.zync(STATUS_RESP_LEN)).decode()

# IMPORTANT: The mixins need to come *before* the base class!
class SyncClient(zyncio.SyncMixin, BaseClient):
    pass


class AsyncClient(zyncio.AsyncMixin, BaseClient):
    def __init__(self, sock: socket.socket) -> None:
        super().__init__(sock)
        self.sock.setblocking(False)


sync_client = SyncClient(sock)
sync_client.do_handshake()  # Magically sync!
print('Status:', sync_client.status)  # Sync property


async def use_async_client():
    async_client = AsyncClient(sock)
    await async_client.do_handshake()  # Magically async!
    print('Status:', await sync_client.status())  # Async func

asyncio.run(use_async_client())

Typing

ZyncIO is fully typed, and built specifically for typed projects. If you're getting unexepcted type checking errors, please open an issue.

License

zyncio is distributed under the terms of the MIT license.