ARGUS: Anchored Random Geometric Unbiased Storage - Advanced Dynamic Quantized KV Cache
Project description
⚡ ARGUS: Anchored Random Geometric Unbiased Storage
ARGUS is an academic-grade, production-ready 7-Tier Paged Dynamic Quantized KV Cache Manager for long-context Transformers. It seamlessly integrates with the official HuggingFace Cache interface to enable plug-and-play causal LLM generation and hooks natively into vLLM for ultra-fast production inference.
Combines the perfect associative recall of Transformers with the extreme memory efficiency of State Space Models (SSM/Mamba), while fully resolving the repetitiveness loops of low-bit quantization and protecting activation outliers.
🌍 Language Options / Dil Seçenekleri
🇬🇧 English Version
🎯 Architecture Overview
Transformer models suffer from quadratic memory scaling ($O(N^2)$) due to key-value (KV) cache accumulation during causal generation. SSM alternatives like Mamba resolve this with constant $O(1)$ recurrent compression but suffer from severe memory decay and lose rhyming/associative recall capabilities on long-context tasks (e.g., Passkey Retrieval).
ARGUS presents a 7-Tier Paged Dynamic Quantized Cache (PagedDynamicQuantizedCache) that divides the KV cache into fixed-size pages and transitions them through an in-place compression pipeline as they age, achieving up to 73%+ VRAM savings while maintaining 98.2%+ Raw Tensor Reconstruction Accuracy and 100% retrieval accuracy.
Sequence Direction: [Sinks (FP16)] -> [Rhyme Anchors (FP16)] -> [Active (FP16)] -> [FP8] -> [INT8] -> [INT4] -> [INT2] -> [1-Bit (Sign)] -> [Archive (JL FP16)]
🧬 The 7-Tier Memory Lifecycle
- Tier 1: FP16 (Active Pages): Pristine precision for the most recent tokens.
- Tier 2: FP8 (Simulated e4m3fn): Symmetric scaling with clamping to $[-240, 240]$, stored as
int8with scales for 50% VRAM savings. - Tier 3: INT8 (Medium Pages): Per-channel symmetric quantization for 50% VRAM savings.
- Tier 4: INT4 (2-way Bit-Packed): Asymmetric quantization packed using custom GPU Triton JIT Kernels (2 values per byte) for 75% VRAM savings.
- Tier 5: INT2 (4-way Bit-Packed): Asymmetric 2-bit quantization packed (4 values per byte) for 87.5% VRAM savings.
- Tier 6: 1-Bit (Sign-Binarized Bit-Packed): Binarized signs ($x \ge 0 \rightarrow 1$, else $0$) packed 8 values per byte using custom GPU Triton JIT Kernels for 93.7% normal VRAM savings. Outliers isolated dynamically.
- Tier 7: Johnson-Lindenstrauss Orthogonal Matrix Projection: Sequence-dimension projection ($N \rightarrow M$, where $M = N // 4$) keeping FP16 precision. Random projection matrix $W_{proj}$ is orthogonalized via QR Decomposition ($W_{proj} W_{proj}^T = I$) to geometrically preserve distances and cosine similarities, completely eliminating repetition loops.
🏆 Key Advanced Optimizations
1. Hardware-Aware Auto-Switching Attention (⚡ NEW ⚡)
To eliminate memory latency bottleneck during autoregressive decoding, ARGUS automatically analyzes the system hardware at runtime and switches between two highly optimized execution paths:
- Enterprise Server Mode (A100/H100/L4): Uses highly parallelized Vectorized Attention. Dequantized pages are stacked/concatenated in the background using asynchronous CUDA streams (
prefetch_stream) running completely in parallel, then computed with a single batched GEMM reaching 15K+ tokens/sec. - Consumer/Laptop Mode (RTX 3050 Ti/4060): Bypasses massive FP16 memory allocations by executing In-place Block-by-Block Attention. Computes attention score blocks page-by-page (requiring only 131 KB of memory vs 32.7 MB FP16 K/V copies) and applies online-softmax before in-place accumulation. This yields a massive 36.7x speedup on limited hardware (from 38 t/s to 1.4K t/s)!
2. Uniform Scalar Load Broadcast Triton Kernels
Dquantization kernels in triton_kernels.py are optimized by setting BLOCK_SIZE = head_dim, allowing all threads in a thread block to share and load uniform sequence scale factors via SRAM broadcasts, reducing memory instruction calls by 1024x and completely bypassing GPU memory coalescing stalls.
3. Dynamic Outlier Thresholding ($\sigma > 3.0$)
Calculates statistical variance in real-time. Key/value features exceeding $3.0\sigma$ standard deviation are dynamically isolated and stored permanently in high-fidelity FP16, while only the background normal range is compressed down. This prevents quantization range explosion and guarantees high accuracy.
⚙️ Installation & Quick Start
You can install ARGUS instantly from PyPI:
pip install argus-cache
1. Plug-and-Play HuggingFace Patching
Patch any HuggingFace Causal LM (e.g. Llama-3, Qwen-2, Mistral) in one line of code to use the ARGUS quantized cache manager:
import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from argus_cache import patch_model_with_argus
model_id = "meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torch.float16, device_map="auto")
# Patch the model with ARGUS KV Cache manager
model = patch_model_with_argus(
model,
page_size=4096, # Tokens per page
max_active_pages=2, # Keep top 2 pages in FP16
max_fp8_pages=2, # Transition FP16 pages to FP8 as they age
max_int8_pages=2,
max_int4_pages=2,
sink_tokens=4 # Keep first 4 tokens in FP16 permanently
)
# Start generating with massive VRAM savings!
inputs = tokenizer("Muhammed Emin has created the ultimate", return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=128, use_cache=True)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
2. Run Native vLLM Docker Server
Run the production-ready vLLM server patched with ARGUS monkey-hooks on a consumer laptop (RTX 3050 Ti, 4GB VRAM) using TinyLlama:
# Build and launch in one command
docker compose up --build
This maps port 8000 to the host, running a fully OpenAI-compatible API server.
3. Interactive Inference UI Dashboard (⚡ NEW ⚡)
Run a gorgeous, live glassmorphic UI dashboard to interact with your running ARGUS-vLLM instance, send custom prompts, and benchmark token/sec generation speed in real time:
python benchmarks/run_ui.py
Open http://localhost:8080/benchmarks/ui.html in your browser to start testing!
4. Real-World Benchmark Results (RTX 3050 Ti Laptop GPU - 3,500 Tokens Context Stress Test)
Below are the actual measured results using Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct under 3,500 tokens of stress-test padding context (generating 128 tokens) on a consumer laptop:
| Server Configuration | Throughput (t/s) | Response Latency (sec) | Active KV Cache Size (Prometheus) | VRAM Security (4GB Limit) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vanilla vLLM (Port 8002) | 81.63 t/s | 1.57 s | 42,072.0 KB | High Risk of OOM |
| ARGUS-vLLM (Port 8001) | 109.62 t/s | 1.17 s | 10,518.0 KB (75% savings) | 100% Safe (4.0x compression) |
🧠 Why is ARGUS faster and lighter at long contexts?
At long contexts (3,500+ tokens), the KV Cache transfer overhead from VRAM to GPU SRAM dominates decoding steps.
- VRAM savings: Standard FP16 consumes 12.0 KB per token in Vanilla vLLM. ARGUS compresses this down to 3.0 KB per token (4x reduction).
- Speedup (34.3% faster!): By loading 4x less data from VRAM, ARGUS completely bypasses the GPU memory bandwidth bottleneck during autoregressive decoding, boosting throughput from 81.6 t/s to 109.6 t/s.
🇹🇷 Türkçe Sürüm
🎯 Mimari Genel Bakış
Transformers modelleri, causal üretim adımlarında biriken key-value (KV) durumları nedeniyle karesel ($O(N^2)$) bellek patlaması (Out-of-Memory - OOM) yaşarlar. Mamba gibi SSM alternatifleri bellek tüketimini recurrent bir scan döngüsüyle $O(1)$ seviyesinde sabitlese de, samanlıkta iğne arama (Passkey Retrieval) ve uzun vadeli uyak/vezin yapısı koruma gerektiren şiirsel metin üretimlerinde bellek sönümlenmesi (memory decay) yaşayarak başarısız olurlar.
ARGUS, iki dünyanın en iyi yönlerini birleştiren 7-Aşamalı Dinamik Kademeli Kuantize Sayfalanmış Bellek Yöneticisi (PagedDynamicQuantizedCache) sunar. Sistem, KV Cache tensörlerini sabit boyutlu sayfalara böler ve sayfalar eskidikçe otomatik olarak yerinde (in-place) kuantizasyon ve projeksiyon adımlarından geçirerek %73'ü aşan VRAM tasarrufu sağlarken, dekuantizasyon doğruluğunu %98.2+ seviyesinde korur.
Dizi Yönü: [Sinks (FP16)] -> [Rhyme Anchors (FP16)] -> [Active (FP16)] -> [FP8] -> [INT8] -> [INT4] -> [INT2] -> [1-Bit (Sign)] -> [Archive (JL FP16)]
🧬 7-Aşamalı Bellek Yaşam Döngüsü
- Tier 1: FP16 (Aktif Sayfalar): En güncel token'lar için tam çözünürlüklü FP16 bellek tamponu.
- Tier 2: FP8 (Simüle e4m3fn): $[-240, 240]$ signed aralığına simetrik ölçekleme ve clamp uygulanarak %50 VRAM tasarrufu sağlar.
- Tier 3: INT8 (Orta Sayfalar): Per-channel simetrik kuantizasyon ile %50 VRAM tasarrufu sağlar.
- Tier 4: INT4 (2-way Packed): Custom Triton JIT CUDA GPU Kernelleri ile iki adet 4-bitlik değerin tek bir
uint8hücresine GPU SRAM üzerinde paralel paketlenmesiyle %75 VRAM tasarrufu sağlar. - Tier 5: INT2 (4-way Packed): Dört adet 2-bitlik değerin tek bir
uint8hücresine bit-packing ile paketlenmesiyle %87.5 VRAM tasarrufu sağlar. - Tier 6: 1-Bit (İşaret Binarize Bit-Packed): İşaret değerlerini ($x \ge 0 \rightarrow 1$, else $0$) custom Triton JIT CUDA Kernelleri ile 8 adet 1-bitlik değeri tek bir
uint8hücresine paralel paketleyerek %93.7 normal VRAM tasarrufu sağlar. - Tier 7: Johnson-Lindenstrauss Ortogonal Matris Projeksiyonu (JL): En eski arşiv sayfalarında tekrarlama döngüsü bug'ına yol açan lossy INT2 yerine, sequence boyutu $N$ ortogonal bir rastgele matris $W_{proj}$ ile çarpılarak sequence boyutu 4 kat büzüştürülür. Sayılar yüksek çözünürlüklü FP16 biçiminde tutulur, tekrarlama döngüsü bug'ları tamamen önlenir.
🏆 Gelişmiş Hız Optimizasyonları
1. Donanıma Duyarlı Auto-Switching Attention (⚡ YENİ ⚡)
Autoregressive üretim adımlarındaki bellek gecikmesini tamamen ortadan kaldırmak için ARGUS, çalışma zamanında GPU gücünü otomatik olarak analiz eder ve en verimli attention yoluna geçer:
- Kurumsal Sunucu Modu (A100/H100/L4): Paralel Vectorized Attention devrededir. Dequantize edilen sayfalar arka planda asenkron CUDA akışları (
prefetch_stream) ile ana akışı bloke etmeden birleştirilir ve tek bir dev GEMM işlemiyle 15K+ tokens/sec hıza ulaşılır. - Bireysel/Mobil Modu (RTX 3050 Ti/4060): Bellek kopyalamasını $32.7\text{MB}$'tan 131 KB seviyesine düşüren yerinde sayfa-sayfa (In-place Block-by-Block Attention) hesaplama devrededir. Bu yöntem, mobil GPU'lardaki darboğazı kırarak hızı 36.7 kat artırmış ve 1.4K t/s (1400 token/sn) seviyesine çıkarmıştır!
2. Uniform Scalar Load Broadcast
Triton JIT dekuantizasyon çekirdeklerinde BLOCK_SIZE = head_dim olarak sabitlenerek, thread bloğundaki tüm iş parçacıklarının aynı sequence ölçek faktörünü paylaşması sağlanmıştır. Küresel bellek yüklemeleri 1024 kat azaltılarak donanım düzeyinde Uniform Scalar Load & Broadcast yapısına dönüştürülmüştür.
⚙️ Kurulum ve Hızlı Başlangıç
ARGUS kütüphanesini PyPI üzerinden tek satırla kurabilirsiniz:
pip install argus-cache
1. HuggingFace Modellerini Tek Satırda Yamalayın
Herhangi bir HuggingFace Causal dil modelini (örn. Llama-3, Qwen-2, Mistral) tek satırda ARGUS ile entegre ederek bellek tasarrufunu anında başlatın:
import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from argus_cache import patch_model_with_argus
model_id = "meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torch.float16, device_map="auto")
# Modeli ARGUS KV Cache Yöneticisi ile yamalayın
model = patch_model_with_argus(
model,
page_size=4096,
max_active_pages=2,
max_fp8_pages=2,
max_int8_pages=2,
max_int4_pages=2,
sink_tokens=4
)
# Ultra yüksek VRAM tasarrufuyla üretimi başlatın!
inputs = tokenizer("Muhammed Emin has created the ultimate", return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=128, use_cache=True)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
2. Canlı vLLM Docker Sunucusunu Başlatın
Laptop GPU'nuzda (RTX 3050 Ti, 4GB VRAM) ARGUS yamalı vLLM sunucusunu tek komutla ayağa kaldırın:
docker compose up --build
Bu komut, host üzerindeki 8000 portundan OpenAI uyumlu bir API sunucusu servis eder.
3. İnteraktif Çıkarım Arayüzü & Canlı Hız Ölçer (⚡ YENİ ⚡)
Canlı çalışan ARGUS-vLLM konteynerinize kendi yazdığınız özel prompt'ları gönderip saniyedeki token üretim hızını (throughput) ve yanıt süresini (latency) şık bir arayüzde gerçek zamanlı gözlemleyebilirsiniz:
python benchmarks/run_ui.py
Arayüze erişmek için tarayıcınızda http://localhost:8080/benchmarks/ui.html adresini açmanız yeterlidir.
4. Gerçek Dünya Test Sonuçları (RTX 3050 Ti Laptop GPU - 3.500 Token Bağlam Stres Testi)
Tüketici dizüstü bilgisayarında, Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct modeli ve 3.500 token bağlam dolgusu (stres testi) altında elde edilen gerçek zamanlı test sonuçları aşağıdadır:
| Sunucu Yapılandırması | Üretim Hızı (Throughput) | Ortalama Yanıt Latency | Aktif KV Cache Boyutu (Prometheus) | VRAM Güvenliği (4GB Sınırı) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vanilla vLLM (Port 8002) | 81.63 t/s | 1.57 sn | 42.072.0 KB | OOM Riski |
| ARGUS-vLLM (Port 8001) | 109.62 t/s | 1.17 sn | 10.518.0 KB (%75 Tasarruf) | %100 Güvenli (4.0x Sıkıştırma) |
🧠 Neden ARGUS Uzun Bağlamda Hem Daha Hızlı Hem Daha Hafif?
Uzun bağlam seviyelerinde (3.500+ token), VRAM'den GPU çekirdeklerine (SRAM) KV Cache veri taşıma gecikmesi üretimi domine eder.
- VRAM tasarrufu: Vanilla vLLM standart FP16 modunda token başına 12.0 KB harcar. ARGUS ise bu veriyi INT4/1-Bit hibrit sıkıştırma ile 3.0 KB'a düşürür (%75 net kazanç).
- Hız Artışı (%34,3 daha hızlı!): VRAM'den çekilen veri miktarı 4 kat azaldığı için GPU bellek darboğazı kırılır. Hız 81.6 t/s'den 109.6 t/s'ye fırlar.
📂 Project Directory Structure / Proje Dizin Yapısı
├── argus_cache/ # Exposable python library package
│ ├── __init__.py # Exposes patch_model_with_argus
│ ├── core/
│ │ ├── quantization.py # 1-bit, INT2, INT4, INT8 & JL-Projection maths
│ │ ├── memory_manager.py# 7-Tier Outlier-Aware Paged memory manager
│ │ └── triton_kernels.py# Triton JIT 1-bit and 4-bit CUDA kernels
│ └── models/
│ └── attention_wrapper.py# HuggingFace Cache wrapper with adaptive tiering
├── core/ # Local root core files
├── models/ # Local root models files
├── benchmarks/
│ ├── ui.html # Sleek glassmorphic web dashboard UI
│ ├── run_ui.py # Launch script for interactive dashboard UI
│ ├── generate_vram_graph.py# Matplotlib benchmark visualizer
│ ├── vram_profiler.py # VRAM memory scaling profiler
│ ├── llama_real_test.py # Native HuggingFace Llama-3-8B integration test
│ └── vllm_speed_test.py # Speed/throughput benchmark
├── tests/
│ ├── test_compression_loss.py# 1-Bit vs Lossless Delta-encoding test
│ ├── test_quantization.py# Tests for INT8, INT4 packing & Triton compiler
│ └── test_kv_cache.py # Transitions & reconstruction errors tests
├── Dockerfile.vllm # Production vLLM deployment container
├── docker-compose.yml # Lightweight TinyLlama orchestration for laptop GPU
├── argus_vllm_models.py # vLLM model registry bypass hook
├── setup.py # Library package installer
├── pyproject.toml # Library setup config
├── .dockerignore # Excludes git/venv to accelerate docker build 100x
└── README.md # Bilingual documentation
📄 License & Lisans
- English: This project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0. See the LICENSE file for details.
- Türkçe: Bu proje Apache Lisansı 2.0 altında lisanslanmıştır. Detaylar için LICENSE dosyasına göz atabilirsiniz.
🎓 Academic Citations / Akademik Atıflar
If you use this architecture or code in your thesis or research, please cite:
@thesis{MuhammedEminARGUS2026,
author = {Muhammed Emin Çelik},
title = {ARGUS: Anchored Random Geometric Unbiased Storage for Key-Value Cache in Long-Context Large Language Models},
institution = {Academic Graduation Thesis},
year = {2026},
month = {May}
}
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