botrail 0.13.0

Beyond motion planning. Build robot cells as code. One source of truth from layout to I/O list — verified deterministically on every change.

Documentation: https://botrail.github.io/botrail/ · Live Demo: https://botrail.github.io/botrail/demo/

Robot machining — spindle toolpaths with stepwise stock removal	Assembly line — a linear-motor shuttle loop serving ceiling-mounted arms and SCARAs
Legged mobility — a quadruped climbs a catalog stair flight, payload on board	Humanoid finishing line — walking is just another sequence step; inset, the robot's head camera
Multi-robot weld line — four stations, one deterministic timeline

pip install botrail, a few lines of Python, and you get an interactive 3D studio in your browser for building robot cells — robots, obstacles, conveyors, sensors, and PLC-style sequences. The core is written in Rust — no ROS, no system dependencies, no GPU.

A cell in botrail is text (Python / .botrail JSON / USD): it diffs in git, it bakes into a bit-identical timeline every run, and it regression-tests in CI. Motions are planned, not taught point by point, so moving a pallet or a sensor doesn't break the cell — re-simulate and read the new cycle time.

Highlights

• Robots from URDF, Xacro, or USD — including Isaac Sim articulations (bt.Robot.from_usd("franka.usd")), rendered at full visual fidelity with three-usd-robot. Mimic joints (URDF <mimic>, USD NewtonMimicAPI / PhysxMimicJointAPI) are followed, so a two-finger gripper costs one DOF, not two. Multiple robots per cell, with tick-checked inter-robot collisions and zone interlocks.
• USD scene import (usda/usdc/usdz, references, variants, instancing) — stages become obstacles and named mount frames, normalized to meters / Z-up.
• Environments that behave — a PLC-style step sequencer (entry actions + transition conditions on a fixed scan cycle), zone/beam sensors, conveyors and linear axes, and conveyor tracking: taught poses ride the moving part, so the belt never stops for the pick.
• Deterministic bake — simulate_sequence() turns Scene + Sequence into a bit-identical SequenceTimeline: cycle time, step spans, signal waveforms, object tracks.
• Assertable timelines — step_span() / signal() / min_clearance() turn a bake into pytest-able cell checks (cycle budgets, sensor timing, safety margins) that run in CI.
• Open deliverables — USD animation (plays in usdview / Omniverse / Blender), CSV/JSON, robot programs (URScript), Python code generation — and Isaac Sim recordings play back through the same pipeline.
• Engineering documents, derived — bill of materials, plan-view layout sheet (SVG / DXF), I/O list and controller topology, and a cell report (cycle times, clearance, I/O counts, scenario matrix, footprint, file digests) all come out of the same script as the simulation, so a layout edit changes exactly the documents it touches — and never lets them disagree.
• Selection, checked — not chosen — scene.requirements() derives what every BOM line must be able to do (payload from the grasped parts, reach from the taught targets, a beam's span, a conveyor's load...) and compares it with what the chosen part says; bt.catalog.search finds real products that satisfy it. A part that falls short is an error, a part that does not say is a warning, a line nobody has identified becomes the question to ask a vendor.
• Interactive posing — draggable TCP gizmo with live IK, joint sliders.
• Collision checking — primitives and STL/OBJ meshes (cached VHACD convex decomposition), live highlighting, clearance readout.
• Motion planning & authoring — RRT-Connect with time parameterization, waypoint motions with Cartesian-line segments and path constraints, trajectory playback in the studio.
• Portable projects — save/load .botrail files (meshes and USD stages bundled), regenerate any scene as a Python script.
• Runs entirely in the browser — the wasm build serves the full studio as a static page, no server; drop a USD file straight into the viewport.

Try it

Run the bundled demos — a Franka Panda in a small USD factory cell whose belt, rack and guarding are ordered from the model catalog (the first run downloads NVIDIA's official Franka asset, ~10 MB, and the catalog packages; pip install botrail[catalog] for those):

python examples/basics/demo.py --studio  # interactive studio: pose, plan, play
python examples/basics/sequence_demo.py --studio  # 13-step cell: conveyor feed → tracked pick
                                  # → pallet; prints the cycle time, exports USD
python examples/multi_robot/dual_cell_demo.py --studio  # two arms sharing one infeed, arbitrated by a
                                  # zone interlock; --clash shows what happens
                                  # without it
python examples/basics/sweep_demo.py --studio  # parameter sweep: belt speed × lane position
                                  # vs cycle time and clearance (no downloads)
python examples/engineering/cell_deliverables_demo.py --studio  # the whole document set from one
                                  # script: layout SVG/DXF, BOM, I/O list, robot
                                  # program, USD, cell report (no downloads)
python examples/engineering/equipment_cell_demo.py --studio  # fence, conveyor and rack ordered from
                                  # the catalog: a bill with real part numbers,
                                  # and each drawn from the package's own file

Or try the browser-only build (deployed from main, or build it locally):

./scripts/build_wasm_demo.sh          # needs wasm-pack + wasm32 target
python -m http.server -d studio/dist-wasm 8899

Quickstart

import botrail as bt

robot = bt.Robot.from_urdf("robot.urdf")   # or from_xacro(...) / from_usd(...)
scene = bt.Scene(robot)

scene.load_usd("cell.usda", prefix="env")                # obstacles + frames
scene.set_robot_base_pose(*scene.frame("env/World/mount"))
scene.add_box("table", size=(0.6, 0.6, 0.05), position=(0.4, 0.0, 0.0))

bt.studio(scene)  # opens the 3D studio in your browser

Everything you do in the studio is mirrored in Python, and vice versa:

scene.set_tcp_target((0.3, 0.1, 0.5))         # live IK, pushed to the browser
scene.in_collision()                          # False
scene.min_obstacle_distance()                 # clearance in meters

traj = scene.plan_to_pose((0.4, 0.1, 0.3))    # IK, then RRT-Connect + time param
traj.export_csv("motion.csv", dt=0.008)

scene.save_project("cell.botrail")            # meshes/USD bundled when needed
print(scene.generate_python())                # script reproducing the scene

Verify the cell, not just the trajectory

Give the environment behavior, write the process as steps, and bake:

scene.add_box("crate", size=(0.04, 0.04, 0.04), position=(-0.5, 0.6, 0.3))
scene.add_conveyor("belt", zone_position=(-0.2, 0.6, 0.3),
                   zone_size=(1.2, 0.3, 0.3), velocity=(0.25, 0.0, 0.0),
                   running=False)
scene.add_beam_sensor("eye", frm=(0.0, 0.4, 0.3), to=(0.0, 0.8, 0.3))
scene.add_segment("approach", goal=[0.6, -0.5, 0.8, 0.0, 0.4, 0.0])

sq = scene.sequence("cycle")
sq.step("feed", actions=[bt.seq.start("belt")], transition=bt.seq.signal("eye"))
sq.step("stop", actions=[bt.seq.stop("belt")])
sq.step("pick", actions=[bt.seq.motion("approach")])

tl = scene.simulate_sequence("cycle")   # deterministic: bit-identical every run
print(tl.duration)                      # cycle time in seconds
tl.export_usd("cycle.usda", fps=60)     # replay in usdview / Omniverse / Blender

Because the bake is deterministic, the same numbers are regression tests — the workflow botrail exists for:

def test_cell_cycle():
    tl = build_cell().simulate_sequence("cycle")
    assert tl.duration <= 8.0                # cycle-time budget
    assert tl.step_span("feed").end <= 2.0   # the crate arrives on time
    assert tl.signal("eye").rising_edges()   # the handshake happened
    assert tl.min_clearance() > 0.05         # closest approach, meters

Move the beam sensor 0.25 m downstream and the cycle grows by exactly 1.0 s — a layout edit becomes a failing test instead of a shop-floor surprise. This repository runs such a cell in its own CI (python/tests/test_cell_regression.py), and examples/basics/sweep_demo.py runs the same loop as a parameter study — bt.sweep bakes the cell over a grid and tables it (belt speed moves the cycle; lane position eats the clearance), bt.optimize searches the grid for the fastest cycle that keeps its clearance — with no random number anywhere.

Hand over the cell

The documents a cell is delivered as come out of the same script — none of them is typed in beside the model:

scene.set_part("belt", manufacturer="MISUMI", model="GVL-1200")   # what things *are*
scene.export_bom("bom.csv")               # bill of materials, merged and counted
scene.export_layout("layout.dxf")         # plan-view sheet for the 2D CAD (.svg for the review)
scene.export_io_list("io.csv")            # I/O list for the electrical drawing
tl.export_script("cell.script")           # the robot program, with the same DI/DO numbers

report = scene.cell_report({"cycle": tl}, deliverables=["bom.csv", "layout.dxf", "io.csv"])
report.save("cell_report.md")             # cycle time, clearance, I/O, BOM totals,
                                          # footprint — and the SHA-256 of each file

Because they are derived, they cannot disagree with each other or with the bake, and a layout edit changes exactly the documents it touches: examples/engineering/cell_deliverables_demo.py writes the whole set, and python/tests/test_deliverables.py pins which files a moved sensor or an added fence panel changes — by name.

The same loop runs without writing Python — the entry an agent's iteration and a CI job share:

botrail check cell.py                                  # load, lint, count → JSON (exit 1 on errors)
botrail simulate cell.py --scenarios --report r.json   # bake the matrix → the cell report
botrail export cell.py --out deliverables/ --all       # the whole document set, hashed into the report
botrail schema > project.schema.json                   # the .botrail JSON Schema, from the Rust types

Development

Requirements: Rust (stable), Python >= 3.9, maturin, uv, Node 20+ with pnpm.

./scripts/build_studio.sh                 # build the studio UI into the package
uv venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate
maturin develop --uv
python examples/basics/demo.py --studio

Tests:

cargo test                                # Rust workspace
python -m pytest python/tests             # Python bindings

Docs (mkdocs, published at the link above):

uv pip install --group docs
mkdocs serve                              # needs `maturin develop` first

Contributor notes are in the Contributing page.

License

botrail 0.6.0 and later is source-available under your choice of the PolyForm Small Business License 1.0.0 or the PolyForm Noncommercial License 1.0.0. Use not permitted by either license requires a separate commercial license from UnRobotics Inc..

See the license notice, included license texts, commercial licensing information, and licensing FAQ. Versions v0.5.0 and earlier remain under the MIT License terms shipped with those releases.

Redistributions must preserve these notices:

Required Notice: Copyright (c) 2026 k-tanaka and botrail contributors.

Required Notice: botrail is licensed by UnRobotics Inc. (https://www.un-robotics.com/).