canopus-quantum 0.1.4

ISA-aware qubit mapping/routing framework tailored to advanced quantum instruction sets, built on canonical two-qubit gate representation.

🧭 Canopus: Canonical-Optimized Placement Utility Suite for Quantum Compilation

Canopus (Canonical-Optimized Placement Utility Suite) is a qubit mapping/routing framework tailored to advanced quantum ISAs. Its main function is to optimize the layout and routing of qubits on quantum hardware, handling optimal synthesis with diverse ISAs in a unified approach through two-qubit canonical gate representation, providing guidance for hardware-software co-design.

Canopus evokes the name of the second-brightest star in the sky, symbolizing its role as a "navigational" guide for routing qubits through the complex constraints of quantum hardware.

Installation

Prerequisite: monodromy (+ lrslib)

Canopus depends on the monodromy library for Weyl-chamber coverage computation. monodromy is not on PyPI and must be installed manually before pip install canopus-quantum:

pip install git+https://github.com/Youngcius/monodromy

monodromy itself needs the lrs binary from lrslib. Platform-specific setup:

macOS

brew install gmp
cd lrslib-073 && make
sudo make install

Ubuntu / Debian

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y build-essential libgmp-dev
cd lrslib-073 && make
sudo make install

Conda (any OS)

conda install -c conda-forge gmp
cd lrslib-073
make INCLUDEDIR="$CONDA_PREFIX/include" LIBDIR="$CONDA_PREFIX/lib"
make prefix=$HOME/.local install
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc && source ~/.bashrc

From PyPI (recommended)

pip install canopus-quantum

Pre-compiled wheels are published for Linux and macOS on Python 3.10 – 3.13. No Rust toolchain is required for this path.

The distribution name on PyPI is canopus-quantum; the import name remains canopus:

import canopus

From source

git clone https://github.com/Youngcius/canopus.git
cd canopus
pip install .

pip install . runs the maturin build backend in an isolated environment, which:

1. Compiles the Rust extension (canopus.utils._accel) for the active Python version,
2. Packages the Python sources, and
3. Installs the resulting wheel into the current environment.

Prerequisite for source builds: a working Rust toolchain. Install via rustup:

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

Usage

More end-to-end examples live under ./examples/:

• routing.ipynb — Canopus routing in detail
• rebasing.ipynb — Optimal ISA rebase (B gate, √iSWAP, arbitrary)
• python route_demo.py to test the routing effect by Sabre and Canopus on a demo circuit
• python route_qft.py <n> — Compare Canopus vs Sabre routing on an n-qubit QFT
• python rebase_xxx.py to test the rebase passes for arbitrary ISAs

Package layout

canopus/                            # Python package
├── __init__.py
├── backends.py                     # Backend / ISA / cost-estimator definitions
├── basics.py                       # CanonicalGate, BGate, SQiSWGate
├── mapping.py                      # CanopusMapping & SabreMapping transpiler passes
├── synthesis.py                    # rebase_to_{canonical, sqisw, zzphase, custom, ...}
├── decomposition/                  # Two-qubit decomposition kernels
├── extensions/                     # Optional integrations (bqskit, ...)
└── utils/
    ├── _core.py                    # Pure-Python utilities
    ├── _accel.cpython-*.so         # Rust-compiled accelerator (built by maturin)
    └── _accel.pyi                  # Type stubs for the Rust extension

src/                                # Rust source for the accelerator
└── lib.rs                          # PyO3 bindings

Development

Install the dev extras and build the Rust extension in editable mode:

pip install -e ".[dev]"
poe dev          # equivalent to: maturin develop --release

Common tasks (defined in pyproject.toml):

Command	Description
poe dev	Build & install the Rust extension in editable mode
poe rebuild	Clean and rebuild from scratch
poe build	Build a redistributable wheel into ./target/wheels/
poe clean	Remove every compiled artifact and cache
poe lint	ruff check canopus
poe fmt	ruff format canopus
poe fmt-check	ruff format --check canopus
poe typecheck	mypy canopus
poe test	pytest
poe check	Aggregate gate that CI runs: lint + fmt-check + test

See CONTRIBUTING.md for the full contribution workflow.

Evaluation artifact

./experiments/ contains the full evaluation suite that accompanies the paper.

Case studies

• ./experiments/eval_qft/ — QFT kernel
• ./experiments/eval_qldpc/ — QLDPC stabilizer circuits

Benchmark suite

Evaluation commands are managed via ./experiments/Makefile. First prepare prerequisite files (coupling files, coverage sets, logical-level optimized circuits):

cd experiments && make

Then:

• make canopus — evaluate Canopus
• make baselines — evaluate baseline compilers (Sabre, TOQM, BQSKit)
• make sum_result — summarize results once routing evaluation completes
• make disp_result — display summarized routing overheads across compilers, topologies, and ISAs

For fine-grained evaluation, you may also run bench_all.py, bench_all_toqm.py, etc. directly.

Citation

If you use Canopus in your work, please cite:

@article{yang2025unifying,
  title   = {Unifying Qubit Routing Across Diverse Quantum ISAs via Canonical Representation},
  author  = {Yang, Zhaohui and Zhang, Kai and Tian, Xinyang and Ren, Xiangyu and
             Liu, Yingjian and Li, Yunfeng and Ding, Dawei and Chen, Jianxin and Xie, Yuan},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.04608},
  year    = {2025}
}

License

This project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0 — see the LICENSE file for details.