Decision-Jef-0.1

Answer several runtime-defined questions about one state, in a single forward pass, with a probability over exactly the options you supply.

307M parameters. 12.0 ms for three decisions in one forward pass.

The answer space is built from the request, so a value you did not offer is not representable — not merely unlikely. There is no classification head over a fixed label set.

Results

Typed-decisions test set, 2,000 decisions: 600 choice, 600 noul, 800 score. Same set and same split as the published models below. Figures are as shipped, with no temperature applied.

model	global	choice	noul	score
Decision-1.0-Lex	78.15	74.00	84.67	76.38
Decision-Jef-0.1	77.50	75.70	84.30	73.90
Laya Typed Decisions	76.60	73.33	85.67	72.25
Jev	72.70	not published	not published	not published

Behind Lex by 0.65 and ahead of Laya by 0.90. choice at 75.70 is 1.70 ahead of the best published figure; score at 73.90 is 2.48 behind it.

This release gives back 0.50 of benchmark accuracy to learn a new domain in full, which the Flappy Bird section below measures. The 0.8.0 weights reached 78.00 and are still on the Hub at revision 5a015f6c if that trade is the wrong way round for you.

The figures each model publishes do not line up. Lex publishes a per-type breakdown and no aggregate metrics; Jev publishes aggregates and no breakdown. The tables here say which is which rather than filling the gaps.

	this model	Laya	Jev
soft accuracy	0.605	0.471	0.580
Brier, summed over classes	0.112	0.061 †	0.148
ECE, 10 bins	0.011	0.213	0.144
score MAE	0.273	0.242	0.391
majority class on this set	0.457
random guess on this set	0.318

Soft accuracy is the label mass on the answer we pick, which matters on a benchmark whose labels are annotator averages rather than single verdicts.

† Published Brier figures use two conventions. Laya reports 0.061 averaged per class and attributes 0.148 to Jev summed over classes, which reads as a 2.4x gap and is a unit mismatch. The 0.112 above is summed, the same convention as the 0.148, so it is comparable to Jev's figure and not to Laya's.

Option order

Every choice question in this benchmark presents its options in one fixed order, and that order is not uniform. The questions carry four or five options, so a uniform draw would put the gold answer in any one slot 23.3% of the time. Measured over the 600 choice questions:

slot	share of gold answers	against uniform
1st	20.7%	0.89x
2nd	20.2%	0.86x
3rd	39.7%	1.70x
4th	12.2%	0.52x
5th	7.3%	0.31x

A model can therefore score on this benchmark by learning to answer third. This one does not:

	native order	options permuted	change
global	77.55	77.60	-0.05
choice	75.67	75.83	-0.17
noul	84.33	84.33	+0.00
score	73.88	73.88	+0.00

Over 1,800 permutations of the benchmark's choice questions, the answer changes on 5.3% of them. Jev is measured at 0.13 and Laya at 0.15 on the same kind of check.

This table comes from the permutation harness and the one above from the like-for-like harness, and both read about 77.5 natively. Neither is rounded to flatter the other. Permuting the options raises the score by 0.10, which is what a model carrying no positional prior does on a benchmark that puts the gold answer third 39.7% of the time: the native order costs it slightly.

Calibration

ECE is 0.011 as shipped, which is already inside a 0.10 criterion without any post-hoc correction. Temperature scaling per (type, cardinality) bucket ships with the model and is off by default. Applying it trades one metric for the other:

	as shipped	with the temperatures
ECE, 10 bins	0.011	0.017
Brier, summed	0.112	0.115
score MAE	0.273	0.277
global accuracy	77.50	77.50

The two disagree because they ask different questions. ECE asks whether stated confidence matches hit rate; Brier asks whether the reported distribution matches the annotator average. The temperatures now make calibration worse: ECE goes from 0.011 to 0.017. The model ships calibrated and the fitted values are kept only as a starting point for callers who want to refit on their own data. Do not switch them on expecting an improvement. Accuracy does not move either way, because a per-bucket temperature never changes an argmax.

The reliability curve sits slightly above the diagonal, which is underconfidence: this model's stated confidence runs a little below its hit rate. The bin counts are plotted underneath because the two leftmost points carry 10 and 124 decisions out of 2,000 and should not be read as a trend.

Leave them off unless you specifically need the confidence figure to track the hit rate, and fit your own on your own data if you do. Laya's published pair — Brier 0.061 with ECE 0.213 — sits at the opposite end of the same trade-off rather than at a better point on it.

Where the probabilities are honest

Measured against a generator whose true posterior is known by construction: a ticket that cues one department has a true answer, one that cues two is a genuine coin flip between them.

case	true answer	this model
one department cued	1.00	1.000
two departments cued	0.50	0.541
escalation implied by priority	0.90	0.977
mass on the two cued departments	1.00	1.000

The model recovers the true posterior when the state settles the question, puts all of its mass on the departments the state allows, and reports close to an even split where the answer is genuinely undetermined. For scale on the third row, a 0.90 truth is the case where a stated rate rather than a verdict is the right answer.

Question isolation

Adding a question does not change another question's answer. This holds exactly, not approximately, and it holds against the length of the other questions as well as their content — each question's block is packed with the geometry it would have if it were alone in the request.

Checked across all 2,000 benchmark decisions with one, two, three and four questions sharing each sequence: in fp32 the four runs agree to every digit reported, globally and per type. In bf16 they spread by about 0.15, which is padded-shape arithmetic rather than information crossing between questions.

Files

file	what
model.safetensors	the weights, 143 tensors. No pickle is published, so a load executes nothing.
config.json	the encoder's own config, verbatim from jhu-clsp/mmBERT-base, plus one decision_jef key for this model's geometry.
temperatures.json	the fitted per-bucket temperatures. Off by default; see above.
metrics.json	this checkpoint's benchmark figures, raw and calibrated.
tokenizer.json, tokenizer_config.json, special_tokens_map.json	vendored, so a load needs one repository and no second download.

The encoder tensors carry their canonical ModernBERT names, so the fine-tuned encoder can be loaded on its own:

from transformers import AutoModel
encoder = AutoModel.from_pretrained("BarraHome/Decision-Jef-0.1")

That returns a ModernBertModel with every one of its 134 weights loaded and the nine decision-head tensors skipped. Verified tensor by tensor: both paths give bit-identical encoder weights.

Latency

NVIDIA H100 NVL, fp32, median of 30 calls after warm-up, measured end to end through this package: packing, encoder and readout. fp32 is what from_pretrained gives you; bf16 roughly halves these numbers.

questions in one call	median	p95
1	11.69 ms	12.33 ms
2	11.88 ms	12.17 ms
3	11.96 ms	12.26 ms
4	12.13 ms	12.82 ms

Three extra questions cost 0.44 ms in total, under 4% over a single question. The state is encoded once and the question branches are masked apart, so a request carrying four questions is not four requests — but it is not free either, and the trend across these four rows is monotonic rather than noise.

Throughput at batch 64 and 1,024 tokens is 5.36 ms per decision in fp32.

Usage

pip install decision-jef

The weights are published separately from the package.

from decision_jef import Decider, Question, email

d = Decider.from_pretrained("BarraHome/Decision-Jef-0.1")

state = email.as_state(
    "user@acme.com", "Duplicate charge on invoice #4411",
    "We were billed twice for March. Please refund the duplicate today "
    "or we will cancel our plan.")

answers = d.decide(state, {
    "department": Question("choice", "Which department should handle this?", {
        "billing": "invoices, payments, refunds",
        "technical": "bugs, outages, system errors",
        "sales": "pricing, new contracts",
        "other": "everything else",
    }),
    "urgency": Question("score", "How urgent is this request?",
                        ["not urgent", "soon", "critical or blocking"]),
    "churn_risk": Question("noul", "Does the user threaten to leave?", {
        "false": "The user makes no threat to stop using the service.",
        "true": "The user threatens to cancel, churn or leave.",
    }),
})

for qid, a in answers.items():
    print(qid, a.choice or a.p("true"), a.confidence, a.probabilities)

department  billing  1.00  {'billing': 0.9997, 'technical': 0.0001, 'sales': 0.0001, 'other': 0.0001}
urgency     1        0.96  {'0': 0.0175, '1': 0.96, '2': 0.0225}      score=1.00
churn_risk  0.988    0.99  {'false': 0.012, 'true': 0.988}

decide returns raw probabilities. Pass calibrated=True to apply the shipped temperatures, and read the calibration section first.

d.to_wire(answers) returns the same content as a JSON-ready response body.

A question must be a Question, not a plain dict. Passing a dict raises a TypeError that says so.

Give every yes/no outcome a description that carries meaning

This is a requirement, not a style note, and a template does not satisfy it. The model scores the option text, so what that text says is what it has to work with. Measured over all 600 noul questions in the benchmark, replacing their own descriptions:

false / true text	accuracy
the question's own descriptions	83.83
nothing at all	66.17
"No. <question>." / "Yes. <question>."	65.33

A templated prefix is worse than supplying nothing, by 0.84 points, and on an individual question it can be much worse. On the refund e-mail above, asking whether the user threatens to leave gives p(true) 0.617 with no descriptions, 0.007 with the template -- confidently the wrong side -- and 0.988 with

{"false": "The user makes no threat to stop using the service.",
 "true":  "The user threatens to cancel, churn or leave."}

Write what each outcome means. Do not generate the two strings from the question.

Large option sets

Accuracy falls as the option list grows, and the window is not the reason: eighty options with one-line descriptions pack into 772 tokens of the 1,024 with none truncated, so the list fits and the readout is what degrades. The token figure scales with how long your descriptions are.

options	accuracy	random
5	0.915	0.200
10	0.800	0.100
20	0.770	0.050
40	0.670	0.025
65	0.625	0.015

Laya reports 0.425 on a 77-label set and attributes it to an option-text budget; Jev is reported at 0.870 and is ahead of this model here. Narrow the set first if you are above about twenty options:

from decision_jef import shortlist_decide

answers, meta = shortlist_decide(decider, state, questions, k=16)
meta["intent"]["kept"]     # the options that survived, best first

Ranking is lexical overlap between the state and each option's text, weighted so a term every option shares counts for little. It needs no second model. Pass embed_fn to rank with your own embeddings instead. A question at or below k options passes through and costs nothing.

This model's own logits are also a usable ranker, and a better one than the lexical default. On 200 banking-intent cases cut to fifty options, recall of the gold answer in the top sixteen:

ranker	recall@16
this model's logits	0.960
lexical overlap	0.865
random	0.320

Ranking is an easier task than answering, so the logits stay informative at a list length where the argmax is already unreliable. Two passes of this model cost about 24 ms and need no second model or embedding service.

Email

A reply carries the thread below it, a signature, and often a legal disclaimer. None of that is the message, and it is often the longest part.

from decision_jef import email

state = email.as_state(sender, subject, body)

email.clean(body) cuts the quoted thread, the signature block and the disclaimer, and as_state formats the fields the way the rest of this package feeds the model.

Serving an existing Jev client

Clients written against Jev post to /v1/systemone and read back {"answers": {...}}. This package serves that route from these weights, so such a client changes one URL and nothing else.

pip install decision-jef
decision-jef-serve                       # 127.0.0.1:8088, weights from the Hub

decision-jef serving BarraHome/Decision-Jef-0.1 on http://127.0.0.1:8088/v1/systemone

flag	default	what
--weights	BarraHome/Decision-Jef-0.1	repository id or a local directory
--host --port	127.0.0.1 8088	where to listen
--token TOKEN	none	require Authorization: Bearer TOKEN; omitted, any value is accepted
--calibrated	off	apply the shipped temperatures; read the calibration section first
--device	auto	passed to the loader
--quiet	off	stop logging one line per request

GET /health returns {"status": "ok"}. Every answer body carries latency_ms for the forward pass. Requests are serialised behind a lock: the model is not re-entrant, so two overlapping ticks would otherwise interleave their batches. It is the standard library and one forward pass, not a framework.

Then point the client at it. Both published Doom agents hardcode the upstream URL, so this is a one-line edit:

# AmoghCreator/doom-jev, agent/jev_client.py
self.url = "http://127.0.0.1:8088/v1/systemone"

// lukaske/jev-doom-agent, server/typesafe.ts
await fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8088/v1/systemone', { ... })

Measured against the first of those, sending its own six-question tick -- four choice and two noul over a YAML situation report -- the round trip is 33 ms end to end, 31 ms of it the forward pass. Their client allows 1.5 s and queries at 10 Hz.

What the server accepts that the format does not

A live client builds its option list from the world. A game agent asking which visible enemy to aim at usually has one or none, and {"none": "No valid targets"} is a single-option choice. The wire format requires two, and should: a choice among one alternative is not a choice. But the answer is forced and correct, so the server answers those itself, with probability 1 and "forced": true in the body, and never asks the model. Without this, one of those agents gets HTTP 422 for most of a game.

Instructions and state also arrive structured rather than as strings from some clients -- {"task": "Choose navigation for this tick.", "policy": ...} -- and are flattened to text rather than rejected, because the model reads them as text.

Pointing a game at it

The previous release could not read a game state at all. Given AmoghCreator/doom-jev's own situation reports, every question came back a constant: macro_goal answered engage on an empty room at 0.81 confidence, movement answered the same direction whatever the walls said. Rewriting the criteria to name the state's own fields did not help; it only changed which constant. On 3,210 held-out decisions from that agent's state format, the 0.4.0 weights scored 37.4%.

That was not a prompting problem and it did not need a bigger model. It needed 20,000 situation reports in that exact format -- the same distance and bearing bands, the same wall_directly_ahead booleans -- with every answer computed from the state by a rule the state makes visible. These weights score 99.6% on the same held-out set, and the answers are no longer constant:

question	0.4.0	this release
movement	42.3%	100.0%
jump	16.2%	100.0%
firing	55.0%	100.0%
target	44.3%	100.0%
rotation	29.8%	99.8%
macro_goal	41.3%	98.2%
all 3,194 decisions	37.4%	99.7%

This costs nothing on the benchmark.

The lesson generalises past Doom. A constant answer with high confidence is what this model does on a state format it has not seen, and the calibration that gives it ECE 0.010 on the benchmark does not warn you: that engage at 0.81 was confidently wrong. If you are putting it on a new state format, measure it against a few dozen cases where you know the answer before trusting any of its confidences.

Flappy Bird

jev-flappy-bird asks one noul per frame -- flap or wait -- over a state that names where the bird is and how it is moving. Its rule is exact and stated in its own criteria: flap below the gap, or in the gap's lower half while not rising.

Sixteen position-and-motion combinations, on frames drawn on a seed no training run used:

position	rising	level	falling	falling fast
above the gap	100%	100%	100%	100%
below the gap	98.1%	100%	100%	100%
inside the gap, upper half	100%	100%	100%	100%
inside the gap, lower half	100%	92.6%	90.7%	96.9%

98.6% over 1,600 frames, from 71.1% before. The gain is entirely in the four cells that need position and motion combined: "inside the gap, lower half" with the bird level read 16.0% before, below chance, while the rule says flap. The cells that need only one of the two were already at 100%.

That is the shape every new domain here has taken. The unambiguous cases work zero-shot; the ones that need two facts together do not, until the rule is in the training data.

That repo's author left a note worth repeating: an option whose text said "falling fast" made the model flap whenever the bird fell fast, including above the gap where it needs to fall. The criteria describe where the bird is and never what the physics will do. Our own measurements on yes/no descriptions found the same thing from the other direction.

Rule teachers from four other people's demos

The stuntd examples are four Jev-protocol demos, each with a rule or an oracle as its teacher and its own generated data: support triage, banking intent and payment risk, a coding agent's command gate, and Snake. They are somebody else's label definitions, which makes them a fair test of pointing this model at a new rule set.

Measured on states drawn from their own generators on a seed no training run used, against their teachers:

Every state the model trained on is excluded, so the counts differ per question: their generators reuse some states across seeds.

demo	question	options	n	zero-shot	this release
banking	intent	12	400	67.0%	100.0%
banking	risk	3	400	27.5%	100.0%
devtools	command_gate	3	303	49.5%	100.0%
devtools	flaky	2	303	68.0%	100.0%
support	category	5	339	33.5%	100.0%
support	needs_human	2	339	77.0%	99.4%
support	urgency	3	339	36.5%	99.4%
			2,423	51.4%	99.8%

Their own head, fitted to the support/category teacher, reports 0.992.

A correction to the previous release

The 0.7.0 card listed "this model does not count" as a limitation, on the evidence that banking/risk and devtools/command_gate stayed near chance at 33.8% and 52.8%. Both ask for a threshold over a tally -- risk wants "exactly two points" over the risk factors the context lists.

That was wrong. Both are at 100.0% here, risk over 400 states with no overlap with anything trained on. The earlier figures came from a run whose checkpoint was selected at step 150 while this one was selected at step 1,200: the capability needed more training, not a different architecture or a different way of asking. The limitation is withdrawn.

The three question types

type	criteria	answer
choice	ordered map of key to description, up to 255	choice, probabilities
noul	optional map of false and true to a description — supply it	noul probability
score	ordered array of 2 to 10 level descriptions	probability-weighted score, legend

Option order is part of the request: the same options in a different order are a different request. The answer changes on 5.7% of choice questions under permutation, so average over permutations if you need a stable answer.

How it works

<bos> state ... <eos>                                    shared, encoded once
[Q] instructions ... [OPT] opt0 [OPT] opt1 ... [DEC]     question 1
[Q] instructions ... [OPT] opt0 [OPT] opt1 ... [DEC]     question 2

The query is read at [DEC], after the whole option list, so the decision sees every option. Keys come from each [OPT] in the same pass, so the options are read together rather than scored in isolation. Each question attends to the state and to itself only; the state attends to neither. Position ids restart at the end of the state for every question, and the local-attention band is measured in those restarted positions, which is what makes isolation hold against the other questions' length and not only their content.

No escalation head in this release

Earlier releases shipped a head that predicted whether the model's own answer was wrong, so a caller could hand the flagged cases to a person. It does not work in these weights and has been removed rather than shipped with a caveat.

Measured on the benchmark's 2,000 decisions before removal: mean predicted P(wrong) was 0.045 where the answer was right and 0.083 where it was wrong. Escalating the worst half by predicted P(wrong) raised accuracy on the rest from 0.777 to 0.795 — not enough separation to set a threshold on, and not something a different threshold recovers.

decide(..., with_escalation=True) therefore returns escalation=None. The field is documented and will carry a value again when a head earns it.

Limitations

• score is the weakest type at 73.90, 2.48 behind the best published figure. choice at 75.70 leads both published models by 1.70.
• This release trades 0.50 of benchmark accuracy for Flappy Bird, 71.1% to 98.6%. The 0.8.0 weights are still on the Hub at revision 5a015f6c.
• noul is 1.37 behind the best published figure, 84.30 against 85.67.
• A state format this model has not seen produces a constant answer with high confidence, and the ECE of 0.010 does not warn you, because it is an in-distribution figure. See the ViZDoom section. Measure before you trust a confidence on new inputs.
• Large option sets degrade steadily, against a random baseline of 0.050 and 0.015 respectively. Jev is reported at 0.870 at sixty-five and is ahead here. 0.770 at twenty and 0.625 at sixty-five here. Narrow the list above twenty; the model's own logits rank well enough to do it, at 0.960 recall@16 out of fifty options, even where its argmax is already unreliable.
• A yes/no without meaningful outcome descriptions loses 17.7 points, 83.83 against 66.17, and a description templated from the question is worse than none at all, 65.33. Write what each outcome means.
• The shipped temperatures make calibration worse and are off by default: ECE 0.011 to 0.017. Refit them on your own data or leave them off.
• No escalation head, see above.
• Option order still changes the answer on 5.3% of choice questions. That is ahead of both published figures but it is not zero.
• Trained and measured on English typed decisions. The backbone is multilingual and the tokenizer covers 256k tokens, but no non-English benchmark has been run — treat multilingual use as untested.
• The guardrails and moderation tags reflect coverage of toxicity and hate-speech decisions. Neither capability has been benchmarked.
• Reported global figures carry about ±0.15 of bf16 arithmetic noise. The 77.50 above is a single measurement, not a mean over seeds.
• Long states are truncated to the window with the questions reserved first.

License and provenance

The code and these weights are MIT, following the jhu-clsp/mmBERT-base backbone. No weights, gradients or private data from any third-party decision service are used or claimed; the design follows publicly documented API behaviour and public benchmark splits.

Training data, stated plainly. Part of this checkpoint's training corpus comes from tasksource/tasksource-jev-typed-decisions, which carries license: other. Its own card says no single upstream licence covers every row and that each source's licence should be checked before reuse; it draws on 571 of them. That review has not been done for this release. If your use is one where upstream data licensing matters, treat this checkpoint as unreviewed on that point and say so downstream. The rest of the corpus is either generated for this project or comes from tasksource/procedural-jev, which is Apache-2.0 and procedurally generated with no upstream data.

Neither dataset is affiliated with TypeSafe or OpenJev, and neither is this model.