dosctl

dosctl is a command-line tool that plays DOS games in DOSBox. Its catalog (the list of games it can play) comes either from the Total DOS Collection Release 14 on the Internet Archive, which holds over 20,000 entries, or from a directory of zip archives on your machine (see Where the games come from). When you play a game for the first time, dosctl unpacks it, downloading it first when it comes from the Internet Archive, and starts it in DOSBox with the game's directory as drive C:. This page is for a person who wants to play those games from a terminal on Linux, macOS or Windows. It shows how to install dosctl and play your first game, then describes every command with its flags and output and every file dosctl writes.

Installation

dosctl needs Python 3.8 or newer and DOSBox. dosctl runs the first DOSBox program it finds in the order of the table below. Linux and macOS are the primary platforms, and Windows support is experimental. Some archives from the early 1990s use a compression method (PKZIP Implode) that Python cannot read; dosctl unpacks those with the unzip command, which macOS includes and Linux package managers provide.

Install DOSBox with your package manager, then install dosctl with pip:

brew install dosbox          # macOS
sudo apt install dosbox      # Ubuntu/Debian
pip install dosctl

uv or pipx installs dosctl in an environment of its own. pip can also install dosctl directly from the GitHub repository instead of the released package:

uv tool install dosctl       # or: pipx install dosctl
pip install git+ssh://git@github.com/xesco/dosctl.git

Getting started

Every game in the catalog has an ID of 8 characters. list and search print the ID in square brackets before the year and the name, and the other commands take the ID as their first argument.

1. List the games. The first command that needs the catalog downloads it and saves it in a local file, so later commands read the file:

   dosctl list
   

   Available Games:
     [07e881d4] (1988) $100,000 Pyramid, The (1988)(Box Office) [Trivia]
     [0b82bc4c] (1988) $100,000 Pyramid, The v1.3 (1988)(Box Office) [Trivia][!]
     [31b3bcb9] (1991) 'Nam 1965-1975 (1991)(Domark Software Ltd.) [Documentation]
     ...
   

2. Search the catalog by name:

   dosctl search "Dune" --sort-by year
   

   Found 33 game(s):
     [8ecb16c9] (1992) Dune (1992)(Virgin Games, Inc.) [Adventure, Strategy]
     [2e6d8d60] (1992) Dune (Es) (1992)(Virgin Games, Ltd.) [Adventure, Strategy]
     ...
   

3. Play a game by its ID. play downloads the game's zip archive, unpacks it into an install directory (the game is then installed) and starts DOSBox. When the install directory holds one executable (a file whose name ends in .exe, .com or .bat), dosctl runs that file. When the directory holds several, dosctl lists them and asks you to choose one. dosctl saves the choice as the game's default command, so the next dosctl play of that game runs the command without asking.

   dosctl play 2c802b5e
   

   No default executable set for game '2c802b5e'. Searching...
   Please choose one of the following to run:
     1: DOTT.EXE
     2: TENTACLE.EXE
   Select a file to execute: 2
   Starting 'TENTACLE.EXE' with DOSBox...
   

Commands

This section describes what every command does, its flags and what it prints. Where a command takes GAME_ID|ALIAS, you can pass an alias instead of the ID (an alias is a name you give the game with dosctl alias set; see dosctl alias). dosctl --help lists the commands, and dosctl <command> --help shows a command's flags.

dosctl list

Prints every game in the catalog, one per line: the ID in square brackets, the year in parentheses, then the name. list sorts the games by name unless you pass --sort-by year. A game is installed when its install directory exists.

dosctl list --installed

Available Games:
  [28937ecb] (1992) Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis- The Action Game (1992)(LucasArts) [Action, Adventure]
  [2c802b5e] (1993) Maniac Mansion- Day of the Tentacle v1.5 (1993)(LucasArts Entertainment Company LLC) [Adventure]
  ...

dosctl search [QUERY]

Prints the games whose name matches QUERY, in the same format as list. QUERY is a regular expression matched anywhere in the name, so Dune also matches Prairie Dunes. The match ignores case unless you pass --case-sensitive. You can omit QUERY when you filter by year. Without QUERY and without a year, search prints an error.

dosctl search "^Dune II" --year 1992

Found 19 game(s):
  [ad01554f] (1992) Dune II- The Battle for Arrakis v1.07 (Fr)(En)(De) (1992)(Virgin Games, Inc.) [Strategy]
  ...

dosctl play GAME_ID|ALIAS [COMMAND_PARTS]...

Installs the game when it is not installed, downloading it first when it comes from the Internet Archive. It then starts DOSBox with the install directory as drive C:, runs one command inside DOSBox and closes DOSBox when that command ends. COMMAND_PARTS are the words after the ID, joined by spaces into the command, and they are optional. dosctl chooses the command by the first rule below that applies.

dosctl saves the command that runs as the game's default, so a command given as COMMAND_PARTS becomes the default for later runs. Before DOSBox starts, dosctl checks that the first word of the command names a file in the install directory. When it does not, dosctl prints an error, removes the saved default and stops. Every / in the command becomes \ before DOSBox runs it. When the first word is a path with a directory, DOSBox changes into that directory before running the file.

dosctl play 2c802b5e                       # Run the saved default command
dosctl play 2c802b5e --configure           # Choose the executable again
dosctl play 2c802b5e DOTT.EXE              # Run DOTT.EXE and make it the default
dosctl play 2c802b5e -- TENTACLE.EXE -x    # Pass arguments that start with a dash

The -- after the ID stops dosctl from reading the arguments that follow as its own flags. Some games in the catalog are floppy disk images with an installer that copies the game from drive A: to drive C:. Run the installer with -a, then run the installed game by the path the installer created, which inspect shows:

dosctl play d44bf6dc INSTALL.EXE -a        # Run the installer with A: mounted
dosctl inspect -e d44bf6dc                 # Find the executable the installer created

To browse a game's files inside DOSBox, open DOSBox without running anything:

dosctl play 2c802b5e --no-exec             # Open DOSBox at the C:\> prompt
dosctl play 2c802b5e --no-exec -a          # Open DOSBox at the A:\> prompt

When a file named dosbox.conf exists in the install directory, play, net host and net join pass it to DOSBox with -conf to set cycles, memory, sound and other DOSBox options for that game alone.

dosctl inspect GAME_ID|ALIAS

Prints the install directory of an installed game, then every file in it at any depth, one per line and sorted. Each file is printed as a path relative to the install directory. With -e, --executables, inspect prints only the executables. When the game is not installed, inspect prints an error.

dosctl inspect -e 2c802b5e

Inspecting files for 'Maniac Mansion- Day of the Tentacle v1.5 (1993)(LucasArts Entertainment Company LLC) [Adventure]' (ID: 2c802b5e)
Location: /Users/xesco/.local/share/dosctl/installed/2c802b5e
----------------------------------------
Executable files:
  DOTT.EXE
  TENTACLE.EXE

dosctl info GAME_ID|ALIAS

Prints the game's catalog entry and its state on your machine, one field per line. The Year line shows ---- when the catalog has no year for the game. The Alias, Archive, Path and Command lines appear only in some cases. The table gives each line and when info prints it.

dosctl info tentacle

Name:    Maniac Mansion- Day of the Tentacle v1.5 (1993)(LucasArts Entertainment Company LLC) [Adventure]
ID:      2c802b5e
Year:    1993
Alias:   tentacle
Status:  Installed
Path:    /Users/xesco/.local/share/dosctl/installed/2c802b5e
Command: TENTACLE.EXE

dosctl delete GAME_ID|ALIAS

Removes an installed game from your machine after you confirm. delete prints the paths it will remove, asks Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N], then removes the install directory, the downloaded archive, every alias that points to the game and the game's saved default command. When you answer n (the default), delete prints Deletion cancelled. and removes nothing. When the game is not installed, delete prints an error.

dosctl delete 6d7c46fb

You are about to delete the files for 'Star Control II (1992)(Accolade, Inc.) [Action, Strategy]'.
Installation: /Users/xesco/.local/share/dosctl/installed/6d7c46fb
Downloaded Archive: /Users/xesco/.local/share/dosctl/downloads/Star Control II (1992)(Accolade, Inc.) [Action, Strategy].zip
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N]: y
✅ Successfully deleted installation directory.
✅ Successfully deleted downloaded archive.
✅ Removed saved launch command.

dosctl alias

Manages aliases. An alias is a name you give a game ID. Every command that takes GAME_ID|ALIAS (play, inspect, info, delete, net host and net join) accepts the alias in place of the ID. An alias starts with a lowercase letter or a digit and contains only lowercase letters, digits and hyphens. The three subcommands create, remove and list aliases.

dosctl alias set tentacle 2c802b5e
dosctl play tentacle                       # Same as: dosctl play 2c802b5e
dosctl alias list

Alias 'tentacle' → '2c802b5e' (Maniac Mansion- Day of the Tentacle v1.5 (1993)(LucasArts Entertainment Company LLC) [Adventure]) saved.
Defined aliases:
  tentacle → 2c802b5e (Maniac Mansion- Day of the Tentacle v1.5 (1993)(LucasArts Entertainment Company LLC) [Adventure])

dosctl col

Manages collections. A collection is a place dosctl reads games from. The built-in collection tdc is the Total DOS Collection Release 14 on the Internet Archive. A collection you add is a directory of zip archives on your machine (see Where the games come from) or another Internet Archive page. One collection is in use at a time. Every command that needs a game or the list of games reads that one. A collection name starts with a lowercase letter or a digit and contains only lowercase letters, digits and hyphens. The four subcommands add, switch, list and remove collections.

dosctl col add mine ~/dos-games
dosctl col use mine
dosctl col list

Collection 'mine' (local_file) added: /home/you/dos-games
Use 'dosctl col use mine' to switch to it.
Now using collection 'mine'.
Collections:
  tdc   tdc_release_14  https://ia800906.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/4/items/Total_DOS_Collection_Release_14/TDC_Release_14.zip
* mine  local_file      /home/you/dos-games

dosctl net host GAME_ID|ALIAS [COMMAND_PARTS]...

Hosts a multiplayer game. IPX is the network protocol that DOS games with a network option use. DOSBox emulates IPX over UDP. One player's DOSBox runs an IPX server and the other players' DOSBox instances connect to that server. net host installs the game and chooses the command as play does, starts DOSBox with an IPX server on a UDP port, and runs the command. DOSBox stays open after the game exits, so you can start the game again without connecting again. Choose IPX in the game's own multiplayer menu once it runs.

By default net host serves your local network, so it prints your local IP address and the net join command for other players to run. With --internet, it prepares play over the internet in three steps.

1. It asks your router by UPnP (a router feature that lets a program on your network ask for a port to be forwarded to it) to forward the UDP port to your machine. When UPnP fails, net host prints a message and continues. When the router's address is a carrier-grade NAT address (common with Starlink), net host says so, because port forwarding cannot work there and another player has to host.
2. It finds your public IP address, from the router when UPnP succeeded and otherwise from api.ipify.org or checkip.amazonaws.com. When neither answers, net host says so and hosts without a discovery code.
3. It prints a discovery code. The code encodes the public IP address and the port in the form WORD-NNNNN. When the port is not 19900, a -Pxxxx suffix carries the port.

dosctl net host 2c802b5e                   # Host on your local network

Hosting IPX server on port 19900.
Your local IP appears to be: 192.168.2.105

Other players on your network can join with:
  dosctl net join 2c802b5e 192.168.2.105

Starting 'TENTACLE.EXE' with DOSBox (IPX networking)...

dosctl net host 2c802b5e --internet        # Host over the internet

When you have forwarded the port on your router yourself, skip UPnP and give your public IP address:

dosctl net host 2c802b5e --internet --no-upnp --public-ip 203.0.113.5

Setting up internet play (UPnP skipped)...
Using provided public IP: 203.0.113.5

Hosting IPX server on port 19900.
Your discovery code: NOON-00MBP

Share this code with other players. They can join with:
  dosctl net join 2c802b5e NOON-00MBP

Starting 'TENTACLE.EXE' with DOSBox (IPX networking)...

dosctl net join GAME_ID|ALIAS HOST_IP [COMMAND_PARTS]...

Joins a game that another player hosts with net host. HOST_IP is the host's IPv4 address on your local network, or the discovery code the host printed. net join installs the game and chooses the command as play does, starts DOSBox connected to the host's IPX server, and runs the command. As with net host, DOSBox stays open after the game exits. The port comes from the discovery code when the code carries a port other than 19900. Otherwise the port comes from --port.

dosctl net join 2c802b5e 192.168.2.105     # Join on the local network
dosctl net join 2c802b5e NOON-00MBP        # Join over the internet

Resolved discovery code: 203.0.113.5:19900
Connecting to IPX server at 203.0.113.5:19900...

Starting 'TENTACLE.EXE' with DOSBox (IPX networking)...

dosctl refresh --force

Builds the catalog again from its source. Without --force, refresh prints a reminder to add the flag and changes nothing.

dosctl refresh --force

Ensuring application directories exist...
Rebuilding the catalog...
Downloading game list from https://ia800906.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/4/items/Total_DOS_Collection_Release_14/TDC_Release_14.zip...
✅ Game list refreshed successfully.

When the catalog comes from a directory (see Where the games come from), the last two lines are replaced by a count of the archives found:

✅ Found 2 games in '/home/you/dos-games'.

dosctl version

Prints the version of dosctl, as dosctl -v does:

dosctl version

dosctl 1.9.4

Files

dosctl keeps settings in a config directory and games in a data directory. The table gives both directories for each platform. On macOS and Windows the two are the same directory.

The config directory holds four files, each created when first needed:

<config-dir>/
  aliases.json       # Aliases, each with its game ID and game name
  collections.json   # The collections added with `col add`, and the name of the one in use
  play_config.json   # The saved default command of each game
  ipx.conf           # A DOSBox config that turns IPX on, written for `net host` and `net join`

The data directory holds the catalogs, the downloaded archives and the installed games. A directory collection has no catalog file, because dosctl reads the directory itself:

<data-dir>/
  collections/
    games.txt        # The catalog of `tdc`: one line per game with its ID, name, year and archive path
    <name>/
      games.txt      # The catalog of an added Internet Archive collection
  downloads/
    <game name>.zip  # A game's archive, kept after installation
  installed/
    <game-id>/       # A game's install directory, the unpacked archive
      dosbox.conf    # Optional; DOSBox options for this game alone

Where the games come from

By default the catalog is the list of zip archives in the Total DOS Collection Release 14 on the Internet Archive, the built-in collection tdc. Each game's ID is the first 8 characters of the SHA-1 hash of its archive path. To play archives of your own, add the directory that holds them as a collection and switch to it (see dosctl col):

dosctl col add mine ~/dos-games
dosctl col use mine
dosctl list

Collection 'mine' (local_file) added: /home/you/dos-games
Use 'dosctl col use mine' to switch to it.
Now using collection 'mine'.
Available Games:
  [b1500715] (1993) Doom (1993)(id Software)
  [fe76b3eb] (1990) Prince of Persia (1990)

dosctl treats every .zip file in the directory and its subdirectories as a game. The game's name is the file name without the extension. Its year is the first four digits in parentheses in the file name. Its ID is the hash of the file's path relative to the directory. The directory is read again on every command, so refresh is never needed. play unpacks the archive from the directory, so nothing is written to downloads/. info never reports such a game as downloaded. delete never removes a file from the directory.

Two environment variables select a collection for one shell without adding it. They win over the collection in use. The table names them. dosctl col list prints a line saying so while they are set.

You can add collections of other kinds (see src/dosctl/collections/README.md).

Development

The project uses uv. Clone the repository, then run these commands in order:

git clone git@github.com:xesco/dosctl.git
cd dosctl
uv sync           # Create .venv and install the runtime and development dependencies
uv run dosctl     # Run the CLI from the source
uv run pytest     # Run the tests

Commit messages follow Conventional Commits, and a push to main releases automatically (see CONTRIBUTING.md).

Disclaimer

dosctl does not host or distribute any games. It manages content from an external source, and you are responsible for having the legal rights to any content you use. dosctl is released under the MIT license (see LICENSE).