Skip to main content

FORM

FORM is a Symbolic Manipulation System. It reads symbolic expressions from files and executes symbolic/algebraic transformations upon them. The answers are returned in a textual mathematical representation. As its landmark feature, the size of the considered expressions in FORM is only limited by the available disk space and not by the available RAM. FORM has been essential for many state-of-the-art computations in High Energy Physics.

FORM's original author is Jos Vermaseren of NIKHEF, the Dutch institute for subatomic physics. Other people that have made contributions can be found in the file "AUTHORS".

Quick examples

The following FORM program repeatedly matches the power of a variable x in the expression E, as long as the power is more than 1 and creates two new terms with lower power:

Symbol x,n;
Local E = x^10;

repeat id x^n?{>1} = x^(n-1) + x^(n-2);

Print;
.end

and yields E = 34 + 55*x.

The following FORM program matches the function f that has any arguments before encountering an x and any arguments after, and switches them around:

CFunction f;
Symbol x;
Local E = f(1,2,x,3,4);

id f(?a,x,?b) = f(?b,?a);

Print;
.end

and yields E = f(3,4,1,2).

FORM can match many more complicated patterns and has many more features, as documented in the additional information.

Additional information

The latest release notes are available on the Wiki; the latest reference manual can be found here, and the Form Cookbook can be found here.

More background information, a collection of FORM programs, and a number of courses can be found on the official FORM website and on the Wiki.

Bugs and remarks

For reporting bugs, asking questions, giving remarks and suggestions, we welcome you to use the Issue Tracker or Discussion Forum.

Metadata

Release files for form-bin 5.0.0

For a detailed explanation of source distributions (sdists) and built distributions (wheels), please see the package formats documentation.

Source distribution (sdist)

Source distribution for form-bin 5.0.0
File Size Uploaded
form_bin-5.0.0.tar.gz 6.9 kB Details

Built distributions (wheels)

Table of built distributions (wheels) for form-bin 5.0.0
File
form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl Python 3 none Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Details
form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl Python 3 none Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64, Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Details
form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl Python 3 none macOS 11.0+ ARM64 Details
form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl Python 3 none macOS 10.9+ x86-64 Details

Total release size: 20.6 MB

Release files / form_bin-5.0.0.tar.gz

Download URL form_bin-5.0.0.tar.gz
Size 6.9 kB
Tags Source
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
f7d3d82b6aadc4108669dd2308c6ef2e7f47d91f7d463cf9b1781b7d1a3d159d
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
07c91c3c97f66229fcfcd774968c669a3661d6ae44e87844529440c9e5fc44c6
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 15, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

Download URL form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
Size 5.5 MB
Tags Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64 Python 3
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
52efb12340efc127c4161d9847eac5d5cbe76956643655f02c0db351b88bb584
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
fcab514d66985ecfaa424e606dbe9d71716ea28aeec2eac89ea9d9649980d788
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 15, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

Download URL form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl
Size 5.4 MB
Tags Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64 Python 3
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
669cc0fe98391528212ad3eedc9fe489faae5359bcf04ac9bb11f9326ba42ed7
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
1ca150441420e48bbf90197d90dfc46cd040c0c9ac5433538394e9e820a57ee4
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 15, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

Download URL form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl
Size 4.6 MB
Tags Python 3 macOS 11.0+ ARM64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
0fb5f9acb5feba17bfc73e2971e3935f63455b222a29765a5a405bf1c07a3c01
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
6cda61d8821b889c42022352ecef85313292f57a40d074adcb4b90d45c062212
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 15, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl

Download URL form_bin-5.0.0-py3-none-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl
Size 5.1 MB
Tags Python 3 macOS 10.9+ x86-64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
52216ec26150f0ff7e2fe94c8f36e55e9ea1d66ab6113fdf6408def04fe914d7
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
3e87fe7377d4c3beb9e0a5b38bedfa8f3a69930e9338b6711408aea7921f0a28
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 15, 2026.

Transparency log

Release history Release notifications | RSS feed

5.0.2

5 release files

5.0.1

5 release files

This release

5.0.0 This release

5 release files

Anthropic, PBC Visionary sponsor Bloomberg Visionary sponsor Hudson River Trading Visionary sponsor Meta Visionary sponsor NVIDIA Visionary sponsor Microsoft Sustainability sponsor Depot Continuous Integration AWS Cloud computing and Security Sponsor Datadog Monitoring Fastly CDN Google Download Analytics Sentry Error logging StatusPage Status page