Skip to main content

FORM

FORM is a Symbolic Manipulation System. It reads symbolic expressions from files and executes symbolic/algebraic transformations upon them. The answers are returned in a textual mathematical representation. As its landmark feature, the size of the considered expressions in FORM is only limited by the available disk space and not by the available RAM. FORM has been essential for many state-of-the-art computations in High Energy Physics.

FORM's original author is Jos Vermaseren of NIKHEF, the Dutch institute for subatomic physics. Other people that have made contributions can be found in the file "AUTHORS".

Quick examples

The following FORM program repeatedly matches the power of a variable x in the expression E, as long as the power is more than 1 and creates two new terms with lower power:

Symbol x,n;
Local E = x^10;

repeat id x^n?{>1} = x^(n-1) + x^(n-2);

Print;
.end

and yields E = 34 + 55*x.

The following FORM program matches the function f that has any arguments before encountering an x and any arguments after, and switches them around:

CFunction f;
Symbol x;
Local E = f(1,2,x,3,4);

id f(?a,x,?b) = f(?b,?a);

Print;
.end

and yields E = f(3,4,1,2).

FORM can match many more complicated patterns and has many more features, as documented in the additional information.

Additional information

The latest release notes are available on the Wiki; the latest reference manual can be found here, and the Form Cookbook can be found here.

More background information, a collection of FORM programs, and a number of courses can be found on the official FORM website and on the Wiki.

Bugs and remarks

For reporting bugs, asking questions, giving remarks and suggestions, we welcome you to use the Issue Tracker or Discussion Forum.

Metadata

Release files for form-bin 5.0.1

For a detailed explanation of source distributions (sdists) and built distributions (wheels), please see the package formats documentation.

Source distribution (sdist)

Source distribution for form-bin 5.0.1
File Size Uploaded
form_bin-5.0.1.tar.gz 6.9 kB Details

Built distributions (wheels)

Table of built distributions (wheels) for form-bin 5.0.1
File
form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl Python 3 none Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64 Details
form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl Python 3 none Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64, Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Details
form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl Python 3 none macOS 11.0+ ARM64 Details
form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl Python 3 none macOS 10.9+ x86-64 Details

Total release size: 20.6 MB

Release files / form_bin-5.0.1.tar.gz

Download URL form_bin-5.0.1.tar.gz
Size 6.9 kB
Tags Source
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
742a2a0afd6b710d9de164ca8b18d556232cca0d3b48a4cc3d1a6e029da7d302
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
ba41764d4068b617369ec292e1b675113128232cdcbe216e65accf9ea3a9c408
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 15, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

Download URL form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
Size 5.5 MB
Tags Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64 Python 3
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
34281f8ad9963747c44273e8f54e86eae605a544b63020db8a41c9ad04d95f5e
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
50a66644646ddd2e03b899b07a9f181b1bbc26d13d6fa3d3b822997222588bcc
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 15, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

Download URL form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl
Size 5.4 MB
Tags Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64 Python 3
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
083b68faffd3514245154f890937b0840f26cfe072e929959935e4d9379a4e95
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
5ee1ca787896215c5b101bfef9931735894472c2849c068047dcbc9deecc993f
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 15, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

Download URL form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl
Size 4.6 MB
Tags Python 3 macOS 11.0+ ARM64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
f4cb7d1e7137787e381268f260d24c4d1c2c2cc6e1f315b6f420b8318e173c04
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
3671219c88cd35874b66ea5d2f6a0d67b752b319313267c91b9d3990c3597c77
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 15, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl

Download URL form_bin-5.0.1-py3-none-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl
Size 5.1 MB
Tags Python 3 macOS 10.9+ x86-64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
7966680edeb04a19790407006522fc8ca4b948af091623fa5eda33d920ac3955
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
532d39fae5dc5629eb765e4cf5870a0fc116bddaca667db085f863945bb77fec
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 15, 2026.

Transparency log

Release history Release notifications | RSS feed

5.0.2

5 release files

This release

5.0.1 This release

5 release files

5.0.0

5 release files

Anthropic, PBC Visionary sponsor Bloomberg Visionary sponsor Hudson River Trading Visionary sponsor Meta Visionary sponsor NVIDIA Visionary sponsor Microsoft Sustainability sponsor Depot Continuous Integration AWS Cloud computing and Security Sponsor Datadog Monitoring Fastly CDN Google Download Analytics Sentry Error logging StatusPage Status page