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kepler-metric | 金融风险指标计算库

Version 1.0.0 Python Versions License: Apache 2.0

概述

kepler-metric 是一个用于计算金融风险和绩效指标的 Python 库。基于 Quantopian Inc. 开发的 empyrical,经过现代化重构,为量化金融专业人士和研究人员提供了全面的工具集。

特性

  • 现代化架构:模块化设计,清晰的代码结构
  • 完整的指标:超过 50 个金融指标,包括收益、风险、风险调整收益和市场关系
  • DataFrame 支持:当输入为 DataFrame 时,所有函数返回带列名的 pandas Series
  • 灵活输入:支持 pandas Series/DataFrame 和 numpy 数组
  • 类型注解:完整的 Python 3.10+ 类型提示
  • Portfolio 类:高级接口,一次计算多个指标

安装

pip install kepler-metric

注意:虽然 PyPI 包名是 kepler-metric,但导入时仍然使用 kepler.metric:

import kepler.metric

快速开始

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from kepler.metric import (
    max_drawdown, sharpe, total_return,
    volatility, calmar, Portfolio, analyze
)

# 创建示例收益率数据
np.random.seed(42)
returns = pd.DataFrame(
    np.random.normal(0.001, 0.02, (252, 3)),
    columns=['Strategy_A', 'Strategy_B', 'Strategy_C']
)

# 计算各种指标
metrics = {
    'Total Return': total_return(returns),
    'Max Drawdown': max_drawdown(returns),
    'Sharpe': sharpe(returns),
    'Volatility': volatility(returns),
    'Calmar': calmar(returns)
}

# 打印结果
for metric, values in metrics.items():
    print(f"\n{metric}:")
    print(values)

使用 Portfolio 类

Portfolio 类提供了一种更便捷的方式来计算多个指标:

from kepler.metric import Portfolio

# 创建 Portfolio 实例
# 注意:risk_free 是日度无风险利率,不是年度!
# 如果年化无风险利率是 2%,日度利率 = 0.02 / 252
pf = Portfolio(returns, risk_free=0.02/252)

# 计算单个指标
print(pf.sharpe())
print(pf.max_drawdown())

# 获取所有指标的摘要
summary = pf.summary()
print(summary)

# 转换为 DataFrame
df = pf.to_frame()

使用 analyze() 函数

from kepler.metric import analyze

# 一次性分析
result = analyze(
    returns,
    metrics=['sharpe', 'max_drawdown', 'total_return', 'volatility']
)
print(result)

⚠️ 重要说明

risk_free 参数

所有涉及 risk_free 的函数,该参数都是日度无风险利率,不是年度!

# ❌ 错误:传入年度 2%
sharpe(returns, risk_free=0.02)  # 结果会是负数,完全错误!

# ✅ 正确:转换为日度利率
annual_rf = 0.02  # 年化 2%
daily_rf = annual_rf / 252  # 日度利率
sharpe(returns, risk_free=daily_rf)  # 正确!

# ✅ 或者直接传 0(默认值)
sharpe(returns)  # 假设无风险利率为 0

API 参考

收益指标

函数 描述
cum_returns(returns) 累积收益
total_return(returns) 总收益率
annual_return(returns, period) 年化收益率
cagr(returns, period) 复合年增长率
aggregate_returns(returns, convert_to) 聚合收益

风险指标

函数 描述
max_drawdown(returns) 最大回撤
volatility(returns, period) 年化波动率
downside_risk(returns, required_return) 下行风险
var(returns, cutoff) 风险价值 (VaR)
cvar(returns, cutoff) 条件风险价值 (CVaR)
tail_ratio(returns) 尾部比率

风险调整收益

函数 描述
sharpe(returns, risk_free, period) 夏普比率
sortino(returns, required_return, period) 索提诺比率
calmar(returns, period) 卡玛比率
omega(returns, risk_free, required_return) 欧米茄比率
information_ratio(returns, period) 信息比率
stability(returns) 时间序列稳定性 (R²)
excess_sharpe(returns, factor_returns) 超额夏普比率

市场关系

函数 描述
alpha(returns, benchmark, risk_free, period) 阿尔法
beta(returns, benchmark, risk_free) 贝塔
alpha_beta(returns, benchmark, ...) 阿尔法和贝塔 (元组)
capture(returns, benchmark, period) 捕获比率
up_capture(returns, benchmark, period) 上涨捕获
down_capture(returns, benchmark, period) 下跌捕获
up_down_capture(returns, benchmark, period) 上涨下跌捕获比

高级接口

类/函数 描述
Portfolio(returns, benchmark, risk_free, period) 投资组合分析类
analyze(returns, metrics, ...) 一次性分析函数

从 0.x 迁移

如果你从旧版本 (0.x) 迁移,以下是主要的 API 变更:

旧名称 新名称
sharpe_ratio sharpe
sortino_ratio sortino
calmar_ratio calmar
omega_ratio omega
stability_of_timeseries stability
value_at_risk var
conditional_value_at_risk cvar
annual_volatility volatility
cum_returns_final total_return

DataFrame 支持

所有函数都支持 DataFrame 输入,并保留列名:

# DataFrame 输入
returns = pd.DataFrame({
    'Stock_A': [...],
    'Stock_B': [...],
    'Stock_C': [...]
})

# 返回带列名的 Series
result = sharpe(returns)
print(result)
# Stock_A    0.75
# Stock_B    0.82
# Stock_C    0.68
# dtype: float64

开发

从源码安装:

git clone https://github.com/cloudQuant/kepler.metric
cd kepler.metric
pip install -e .

运行测试:

pytest tests/

许可证

Apache License 2.0

致谢

基于 Quantopian Inc. 开发的 empyrical 库,经过现代化重构。

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