minecraft-datapack-language 6.3.0

Compile a tiny MDL language or Python API into a Minecraft datapack (1.21+ ready).

Minecraft Datapack Language (MDL)

A tiny compiler that lets you write Minecraft datapacks in a simple language (.mdl) or via a clean Python API, and then compiles to the correct 1.21+ datapack folder layout (singular directories) automatically.

• ✅ Handles the directory renames from snapshots 24w19a (tag subfolders) and 24w21a (core registry folders) for you.
• ✅ Easy hooks into minecraft:tick and minecraft:load via function tags.
• ✅ Creates tags for function, item, block, entity_type, fluid, and game_event.
• ✅ VS Code extension for syntax highlighting, linting, and quick compile.

Default pack_format is 48 (Java 1.21). Set --pack-format 47 to emit the legacy plural layout for older versions.

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Install

Option A — from PyPI (recommended for users)

Global, isolated CLI via pipx:

python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath    # reopen terminal
pipx install minecraft-datapack-language

mdl --help

Virtualenv (if you prefer):

python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate      # Windows: .\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
pip install minecraft-datapack-language

Option B — from source (for contributors)

# inside the repo
python -m pip install -e .

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Update

• pipx: pipx upgrade minecraft-datapack-language
• pip (venv): pip install -U minecraft-datapack-language
• Pin a version: pipx install "minecraft-datapack-language==1.1.0"

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CLI

mdl new my_pack --name "My Pack" --pack-format 48
mdl check my_pack/mypack.mdl
mdl build --mdl my_pack/mypack.mdl -o dist --wrapper mypack --pack-format 48
# → dist/mypack/... and dist/mypack.zip

# With verbose output to see file processing
mdl build --mdl my_pack/ -o dist --verbose

Build a whole folder of .mdl files

mdl build --mdl src/ -o dist
# Recursively parses src/**/*.mdl, merges into one pack (errors on duplicate functions).

Build multiple specific .mdl files

mdl build --mdl "src/core.mdl src/features.mdl src/ui.mdl" -o dist
# Parses multiple specific files and merges them into one datapack.

Validate a folder (JSON diagnostics)

mdl check --json src/

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Multi-file Support

MDL supports building datapacks from multiple .mdl files. This is useful for organizing large projects into logical modules.

How it works

• Directory scanning: When you pass a directory to --mdl, MDL recursively finds all .mdl files
• File merging: Each file is parsed into a Pack object, then merged into a single datapack
• Conflict resolution: Duplicate function names within the same namespace will cause an error
• Pack metadata: The first file's pack declaration (name, description, format) is used as the base

Best practices

• One pack declaration per project: Only the first file's pack declaration is used
• Organize by namespace: Consider splitting files by namespace or feature
• Use descriptive filenames: core.mdl, combat.mdl, ui.mdl etc.
• Avoid conflicts: Ensure function names are unique within each namespace

Example project structure

my_datapack/
├── core.mdl          # pack declaration, main functions
├── combat/
│   ├── weapons.mdl   # combat-related functions
│   └── armor.mdl     # armor-related functions
├── ui/
│   └── hud.mdl       # UI functions
└── data/
    └── recipes.mdl   # recipe definitions

Build the entire project:

mdl build --mdl my_datapack/ -o dist

CLI Options for Multi-file Builds

• --mdl <path>: Path to .mdl file, directory, or space-separated file list
• --src <path>: Alias for --mdl (same functionality)
• -o, --out <dir>: Output directory for the built datapack
• --wrapper <name>: Custom wrapper folder/zip name (default: first namespace or pack name slug)
• --pack-format <N>: Minecraft pack format (default: 48 for 1.21+)
• -v, --verbose: Show detailed processing information including file merging
• --py-module <path>: Alternative: build from Python module with create_pack() function

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The .mdl language

Grammar you can rely on (based on the parser)

• pack header (required once):

  pack "Name" [description "Desc"] [pack_format N]
  

• namespace (selects a namespace for following blocks):

  namespace "example"
  

• function (colon + indented commands, 4-space indents only):

  function "hello":
      say hi
      tellraw @a {"text":"ok","color":"green"}
  

• function calls (one function invoking another with fully qualified ID):

  function "outer":
      say I will call another function
      function example:hello
  

• hooks (namespaced ids required):

  on_load "example:hello"
  on_tick "example:hello"
  

• tags (supported registries: function, item, block, entity_type, fluid, game_event):

  tag function "minecraft:tick":
      add "example:hello"
  

  The parser accepts an optional replace flag on the header (e.g. tag function "minecraft:tick" replace:) but replacement behavior is controlled by the pack writer.
• comments start with #. Hashes inside quoted strings are preserved.
• whitespace: empty lines are ignored; indentation must be multiples of four spaces (tabs are invalid).

Inside a function block, every non-empty line is emitted almost verbatim as a Minecraft command. Comments are stripped out and multi-line commands are automatically wrapped. See below for details.

Comments

MDL supports comments in a way that matches how Minecraft actually interprets them:

• Full-line comments (a line starting with #) are ignored by the parser.
• Inline # characters are preserved inside function bodies, so you can still use them the way mcfunction normally allows.

Example:

pack "Comment Demo" description "Testing comments"

namespace "demo"

function "comments":
    # This whole line is ignored by MDL
    say Hello # This inline comment is preserved
    tellraw @a {"text":"World","color":"blue"} # Inline too!

When compiled, the resulting function looks like:

say Hello # This inline comment is preserved
tellraw @a {"text":"World","color":"blue"} # Inline too!

Notice how the full-line # never makes it into the .mcfunction, but the inline ones do.

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Multi-line Commands

Long JSON commands can be split across multiple lines with a trailing backslash \.
MDL will join them back together before writing the final .mcfunction.

Example:

pack "Multi-line Demo"

namespace "demo"

function "multiline":
    tellraw @a \
        {"text":"This text is really, really long so we split it",\
         "color":"gold"}

When compiled, the function is a single line:

tellraw @a {"text":"This text is really, really long so we split it","color":"gold"}

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FULL example (nested calls + multi-namespace)

# mypack.mdl - minimal example for Minecraft Datapack Language
pack "Minecraft Datapack Language" description "Example datapack" pack_format 48

namespace "example"

function "inner":
    say [example:inner] This is the inner function
    tellraw @a {"text":"Running inner","color":"yellow"}

function "hello":
    say [example:hello] Outer says hi
    function example:inner
    tellraw @a {"text":"Back in hello","color":"aqua"}

# Hook the function into load and tick
on_load "example:hello"
on_tick "example:hello"

# Second namespace with a cross-namespace call
namespace "util"

function "helper":
    say [util:helper] Helping out...

function "boss":
    say [util:boss] Calling example:hello then util:helper
    function example:hello
    function util:helper

# Run boss every tick as well
on_tick "util:boss"

# Function tag examples
tag function "minecraft:load":
    add "example:hello"

tag function "minecraft:tick":
    add "example:hello"
    add "util:boss"

# Data tag examples across registries
tag item "example:swords":
    add "minecraft:diamond_sword"
    add "minecraft:netherite_sword"

tag block "example:glassy":
    add "minecraft:glass"
    add "minecraft:tinted_glass"

What this demonstrates

• Nested-like function composition (function example:inner inside function "hello").
• Multiple namespaces (example, util) calling each other with fully-qualified IDs.
• Lifecycle hooks (on_load, on_tick) on both example:hello and util:boss.
• Function tags to participate in vanilla tags (minecraft:load, minecraft:tick).
• Data tags (item, block) in addition to function tags.

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Python API equivalent

from minecraft_datapack_language import Pack

def build_pack():
    p = Pack(name="Minecraft Datapack Language",
             description="Example datapack",
             pack_format=48)

    ex = p.namespace("example")
    ex.function("inner",
        'say [example:inner] This is the inner function',
        'tellraw @a {"text":"Running inner","color":"yellow"}'
    )
    ex.function("hello",
        'say [example:hello] Outer says hi',
        'function example:inner',
        'tellraw @a {"text":"Back in hello","color":"aqua"}'
    )

    # Hooks for example namespace
    p.on_load("example:hello")
    p.on_tick("example:hello")

    util = p.namespace("util")
    util.function("helper",
        'say [util:helper] Helping out...'
    )
    util.function("boss",
        'say [util:boss] Calling example:hello then util:helper',
        'function example:hello',
        'function util:helper'
    )

    # Tick hook for util namespace
    p.on_tick("util:boss")

    # Function tags
    p.tag("function", "minecraft:load", values=["example:hello"])
    p.tag("function", "minecraft:tick", values=["example:hello", "util:boss"])

    # Data tags
    p.tag("item",  "example:swords", values=["minecraft:diamond_sword", "minecraft:netherite_sword"])
    p.tag("block", "example:glassy", values=["minecraft:glass", "minecraft:tinted_glass"])

    return p

Build it:

python - <<'PY'
from my_pack_module import build_pack
from minecraft_datapack_language.cli import main as M
# write to dist/ with a wrapper folder name 'mypack'
p = build_pack()
M(['build', '--py-object', 'my_pack_module:build_pack', '-o', 'dist', '--wrapper', 'mypack', '--pack-format', '48'])
PY

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VS Code

Open vscode-extension/, then:

npm i
# Press F5 to launch the Extension Dev Host

• Highlights .mdl
• Runs mdl check on save and shows inline diagnostics
• MDL: Build current file prompts for output folder and optional wrapper
• MDL: Check Workspace validates the whole workspace

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CI & Releases

• CI runs on push/PR across Linux/macOS/Windows and uploads artifacts.
• Release is triggered by pushing a tag like v1.0.0 or via the Release workflow manually.
• Versions are derived from git tags via setuptools-scm; tag vX.Y.Z → package version X.Y.Z.

Local release helper

# requires GitHub CLI: gh auth login
./scripts/release.sh patch  "Fixes"
./scripts/release.sh minor  "Features"
./scripts/release.sh major  "Breaking"
./scripts/release.sh v1.2.3 "Exact version"