nsbc 1.0.0

n-SBC: A novel machine learning model

n-SBC

A lazy machine learning classifier based on Hamming similarity over Gray-coded binary representations. Scikit-learn compatible.

Velazquez-Gonzalez, O., Alarcon-Paredes, A., & Yanez-Marquez, C. (2026). Medical pattern classification using a novel binary similarity approach based on an associative classifier. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 8. DOI: 10.3389/frai.2025.1610856

Installation

pip install nsbc

Quick Start

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from nsbc import NSBCClassifier

X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=42)

clf = NSBCClassifier(n_value=3, decimals=2, factor=10)
clf.fit(X_train, y_train)

print(f"Accuracy: {clf.score(X_test, y_test):.2%}")

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
n_value	int	3	Number of top-u similar samples per class
decimals	int	2	Decimal places for rounding during normalization
factor	int	10	Multiplicative factor applied after rounding

Examples

In examples/ will contain examples of how to use the nsbc package, how to train and save the model, how to update it with new data (without requiring a costly training process), and how to load the model to make predictions.

TODO:

In next packege release new functions will be added to visualize the model's explainability, making it completely transparent to human understanding. This will allow us to understand the specific reasons or feartures that influenced the model's classification.

How It Works

n-SBC is a lazy learner: it stores the entire training set encoded as Gray-coded binary vectors. At prediction time, it computes the Hamming similarity between a new sample and every training sample, sums the top-u similarities per class, and predicts the class with the highest aggregate similarity. The Gray code encoding ensures that numerically close values differ by only one bit, preserving ordinal relationships in the binary representation.

Citation

If you use n-SBC in your research, please cite:

@article{velazquez2026medical,
  title={Medical pattern classification using a novel binary similarity approach based on an associative classifier},
  author={Velazquez-Gonzalez, Osvaldo and Alarc{\'o}n-Paredes, Antonio and Ya{\~n}ez-Marquez, Cornelio},
  journal={Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence},
  volume={8},
  year={2026},
  month={1},
  doi={10.3389/frai.2025.1610856}
}

License

MIT -- see LICENSE for details.