postgresdb3 2.0.4

High-Performance Sync and Async PostgreSQL ORM for Python

PostgresDB3 - High-Performance Python ORM

PostgresDB3 — bu PostgreSQL uchun mo'ljallangan zamonaviy, tezkor va ham sinxron, ham asinxron ishlash imkoniyatiga ega bo'lgan ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) kutubxonasi.

U Django ORM kabi qulay va oson tushuniladi, lekin o'zida asinxronlik (asyncpg) va ko'plab yuqori texnologik xususiyatlarni mujassamlashtirgan. Kichik botlardan tortib, o'ta katta masshtabdagi (Highload) loyihalargacha bemalol ishlata olasiz!

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📦 O'rnatish

Kutubxonani o'rnatish uchun terminalda quyidagi buyruqni kiriting:

pip install postgresdb3

⚠️ Linux/macOS tizimlarida o'rnatish va muammolar yechimi

postgresdb3 ishlashi uchun sinxron ulanishlarda psycopg2 kutubxonasidan foydalanadi. O'rnatish vaqtida tizimingiz holatidan kelib chiqib, quyidagi ikki variantdan biri avtomatik tanlanadi:

1. psycopg2 (Kompilyatsiya qilinadigan variant): Agar tizimingizda PostgreSQL ning ishlab chiquvchi kutubxonalari (pg_config va pg_config.h fayllari, masalan libpq-dev) mavjud bo'lsa, kutubxona manbadan (source) kompilyatsiya qilinadi. Bu ishlab chiqarish (production) muhitlari uchun tavsiya etiladi.
2. psycopg2-binary (Tayyor variant): Agar tizimingizda kompilyatsiya qilish uchun kerakli PostgreSQL kutubxonalari topilmasa, o'rnatish jarayoni muvaffaqiyatli yakunlanishi uchun avtomatik ravishda tayyor pre-compiled psycopg2-binary o'rnatiladi. Bu lokal dasturlash va test muhitlari uchun juda mos keladi.

Tizim kutubxonalarini o'rnatish (Tavsiya etiladi)

Ishlab chiqarish (production) muhitida toza psycopg2 (manbadan yig'iladigan) ishlatish tavsiya etiladi. Buning uchun postgresdb3 ni o'rnatishdan oldin quyidagi tizim paketlarini o'rnatib olishingiz kerak bo'ladi:

• Debian/Ubuntu:

  sudo apt update
  sudo apt install python3-dev libpq-dev build-essential
  

• RedHat/CentOS/Fedora/Rocky Linux:

  sudo dnf install python3-devel postgresql-devel gcc
  

• macOS (Homebrew):

  brew install libpq
  

Majburiy kompilyatsiya rejimini yoqish

Agar siz pre-compiled binary versiyadan mutlaqo foydalanmasdan, toza manbali psycopg2 ni majburiy ravishda yig'moqchi bo'lsangiz, terminalda quyidagi muhit o'zgaruvchisini (env variable) ko'rsatgan holda o'rnatishni amalga oshiring:

POSTGRESDB_SOURCE_PSYCOPG2=1 pip install postgresdb3

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⚡ Tezkor Boshlash

PostgresDB3 bir vaqtning o'zida ikkita dunyoni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. Xohlasangiz Sinxron, xohlasangiz Asinxron loyihalarda bir xil sintaksis bilan ishlay olasiz.

1. Ulanishni sozlash

from postgresdb3 import PostgresDB, AsyncPostgresDB

# Sinxron ulanish (psycopg2 asosida)
db_sync = PostgresDB("my_db", "user", "password", host="localhost", port=5432, echo=True)

# Asinxron ulanish (asyncpg asosida)
db_async = AsyncPostgresDB("my_db", "user", "password", host="localhost", port=5432, echo=True)

(Eslatma: echo=True yoqilsa, barcha bajarilayotgan SQL so'rovlar terminalda ko'rinib turadi, bu debug uchun juda foydali).

2. Modellarni Yaratish (Abstract Model namunasida)

from postgresdb3.orm.models import Model, AsyncModel
from postgresdb3 import String, Integer, Float, Timestamp

Model.db = db_sync

class TimestampedModel(Model):
    class Meta:
        abstract = True # Jadval yaratilmaydi
        
    created_at = Timestamp(auto_now_add=True)

class User(TimestampedModel):
    name = String(length=50)
    age = Integer(default=18)
    score = Float(default=0.0)
    
    class Meta:
        unique_together = (("name", "age"),) # Ism va yosh bir xil takrorlanmasligi kerak
        index_together = (("score",),)       # Qidiruvni tezlashtirish uchun index

3. CRUD Operatsiyalari

Yangi funksiyalar yordamida:

# Yaratish yoki o'qish (Bazada bo'lmasa yaratadi)
user, created = User.get_or_create(name="Ali", defaults={'age': 25, 'score': 10.0})

# Ommaviy yangilash (Xotirani to'ldirmasdan)
User.query().filter(age__lt=18).update(score=0.0)

# Ommaviy o'chirish
User.query().filter(score=0.0).delete()

Tezkor O'qish (Values & Values List): Agar modellar bilan ishlash shart bo'lmasa va faqat JSON yuborish kerak bo'lsa:

users_dict = User.query().values('id', 'name').all()
# [{'id': 1, 'name': 'Ali'}, {'id': 2, 'name': 'Vali'}]

names_list = User.query().values_list('name', flat=True).all()
# ['Ali', 'Vali']

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🔄 Migratsiya Tizimi (CLI)

Siz o'z loyihangiz papkasida bitta manage.py yaratib olib, jadvallarni SQL o'qib-o'tirmasdan terminal orqali avtomatik yangilab borishingiz mumkin.

manage.py:

import sys
from postgresdb3 import execute_from_command_line
from myapp.models import db_sync  # Sizning bazaga ulangan db obyektingiz

# Modellar dvigatelga ko'rinishi uchun barchasini import qilish SHART!
from myapp.models import User, Post 

if __name__ == "__main__":
    execute_from_command_line(db_sync, sys.argv)

Terminalda:

# Modellar asosida migratsiya faylini tayyorlash
python manage.py makemigrations initial_setup

# Bazaga jadvallarni qo'shish
python manage.py migrate

# Oxirgi migratsiyani bekor qilish va qaytarish (Rollback)
python manage.py undo

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🔍 Murakkab Qidiruv va Aloqalar (Relations)

Auto-Join (Bog'langan jadvallar bo'ylab o'tish): Qo'lda JOIN yozish o'rniga, qo'shaloq chiziqcha __ ishlating:

posts = Post.query().filter(author__name__startswith='A').all()

Q va F ifodalar (Murakkab shartlar):

from postgresdb3 import Q, F

# OR (|) sharti
User.query().filter(Q(age__gt=20) | Q(name="Ali")).all()

# Yoshiga nisbatan score'i katta bo'lganlarni izlash
User.query().filter(score__gt=F("age")).all()

N+1 xatoligini chetlab o'tish (select_related & prefetch_related):

# ForeignKey uchun (1 ta SQL so'rov)
posts = Post.query().select_related("author").all()

# ManyToMany uchun (Optimallashtirilgan yig'ish)
posts = Post.query().prefetch_related("tags").all()

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📊 Katta Ma'lumotlar bilan Ishlash (Bulk & Pagination)

Sahifalash (Pagination): Foydalanuvchiga ma'lumotlarni qismlab taqdim etish:

result = User.query().paginate(page=1, per_page=20)
print(result['total'])        # Jami elementlar soni
print(result['has_next'])     # Keyingi sahifa bormi?
print(result['data'])         # Modellar ro'yxati (20 ta)

Ommaviy Yozish (Bulk Create): 10,000 ta obyekti birma-bir emas, bitta so'rov orqali kiritish:

users = [User(name=f"U-{i}", age=20) for i in range(10000)]
User.bulk_create(users)

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📈 Agregatsiya va Annotatsiya (GroupBy)

Baza orqali kalkulyatsiyalarni amalga oshirish:

from postgresdb3 import Sum, Avg, Count

# Jami obshiy statiska:
result = User.query().aggregate(
    total_score=Sum("score"),
    avg_age=Avg("age")
)
# {'total_score': 1500, 'avg_age': 25}

# Guruhlab hisoblash (Masalan: Har bir userning postlari soni):
users_with_count = User.query().annotate(post_count=Count("posts")).all()
for u in users_with_count:
    print(u.name, u.post_count)

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Ushbu ORM kutubxonasi Python olamidagi ilg'or texnologiyalar yordamida tezlik va barqarorlikni birinchi o'ringa qo'yuvchi mutaxassislar uchun maxsus qurilgan.