railmux 0.2.9

Terminal UI to navigate, resume, and start Claude Code and Codex sessions

Railmux — session manager for Claude Code & Codex

A terminal UI to navigate, resume, and start Claude Code and Codex sessions across all your projects. Railmux lives in the left pane of a tmux window; the right pane shows the active agent. Each session runs in its own detached tmux session, so switching never interrupts in-progress responses or tool calls.

• Claude Code mode — reads ~/.claude/projects/*, lists sessions by project, resume with claude --resume
• Codex mode — reads ~/.codex/sessions/*, same sidebar workflow for Codex sessions
• Press m to cycle through the available modes

Why Railmux?

Without Railmux, managing multiple agent sessions means manually tracking tmux windows, remembering which session lives where, and copy-pasting session IDs. Sessions pile up across projects, context gets lost, and switching between them is friction.

Railmux replaces all of that with a single keystroke:

• One sidebar, all sessions — browse every Claude Code and Codex session across every project, filter by name, star favourites
• Instant switching — press Enter and the right pane attaches to a different background tmux session; every agent keeps running, no responses lost
• Zero manual bookkeeping — no more tmux ls | grep cc- or hunting through ~/.claude/projects/

Quick start

pip install railmux
# or: pip3 install railmux
railmux

To open Railmux on a remote machine through its latest-state SSH display:

pip install railmux            # on the local machine
railmux ssh your-server

The remote machine needs Python 3.9+ and tmux. If Railmux or its SSH display dependency is missing remotely, the local client asks before installing the matching version into the remote user environment; it never uses sudo.

Requires Python 3.9+, tmux, less, and at least one supported agent CLI on PATH. Claude Code and Codex are independent: a missing provider does not stop you from using the other one.

If tmux is missing, an interactive Railmux launch can offer to install it with Homebrew on macOS or apt-get on Debian/Ubuntu/WSL. Railmux shows the exact command and requires explicit confirmation (default: no); it never installs Homebrew itself or modifies the system during non-interactive runs. Other common Linux package managers receive a copyable installation command.

Railmux always launches or attaches its workspace on a dedicated tmux socket, including when invoked from inside another tmux client. This isolates Railmux's sessions, bindings, hooks, and SSH display traffic from the default tmux server. Sessions left on the historical default socket by an older Railmux release remain visible in the same Running sidebar with a legacy · restart recommended label. Opening one does not resize it; automatic exit cleanup preserves it, while an explicit Kill still works after exact identity validation. It does not move, delete, or rewrite provider session files under ~/.codex or ~/.claude; sessions can still be resumed normally. Run railmux doctor for a privacy-safe dependency and environment report when setup does not behave as expected. Multiple terminal windows may share one managed workspace; see the important shared-focus and shared-layout limits in FAQ 6.

Keys

Navigation

Key	Action
↑ / ↓	Move selection within the focused pane
Tab / Shift-Tab	Cycle focus through Projects, Sessions, Running panes
Ctrl-B Tab	Toggle directly between the sidebar and Target pane
Esc	Move focus up: Running → Sessions → Projects
/	Filter the focused Projects, Sessions, or Running pane by name

Session actions

Key	Action
Enter	Resume or start the selected session
n	Start a fresh session in the current project
i	Popup with session details
r	Rename the focused session
s	Toggle star — starred sessions pinned to top with ⭐
k	Kill the running agent process (keeps session file)
d	Delete the focused session (prompts for confirmation)
t	Open a terminal in the active project directory
m	Cycle through available agent modes
o	Open persistent Railmux options
␣	Preview stopped or switch running target (like single-click)
F8	Cycle agent layout: single → side-by-side → stacked
F9	Fullscreen the agent pane (toggle) for clean text selection
?	Full help popup with all keybindings
q or Ctrl-C	Quit with confirmation

Inside Help, press A or click Ask Railmux with Claude Code/Codex to open a separate, safety-restricted support session for the current mode. Opening Help itself never starts an agent or uses provider tokens. Ask Railmux replaces only the Target pane's display; the agent that was there keeps running and can be selected again from Running. Codex help is not saved to normal history; Railmux hides the dedicated help workspace from both providers' Projects list. Local documentation reads and searches run without approval prompts. Codex is still enforced by its read-only, network-disabled sandbox; Claude is restricted to its built-in Read, Glob, and Grep tools, with shell and mutation tools not exposed. If the help agent exits in a two-pane layout, that pane returns to Railmux's empty launch surface without collapsing or reordering the other agent pane. After a soft restart the help session is not restored automatically—open Help and choose Ask again to reconnect to it.

+ New project works in both Claude Code and Codex modes. Browse to an existing directory and choose . (use this path), or type a new relative, absolute, or ~-based path. When no existing entry matches, select the explicit + create … row (it is focused automatically) and press Enter; railmux creates the directory before starting the agent.

The rename popup starts with the current title pre-filled. Press Ctrl-U to clear the entire input, Enter to save a non-empty title, or Esc to cancel.

Press / in Projects, Sessions, or Running to filter that section. Active filters are marked with [filtered] and survive a soft restart; reopening / shows the current value. Press Ctrl-U in the filter editor to clear it, then Enter to return to the sidebar.

The first Button Bar row keeps Help, Quit, and Detach visible. Select More to reveal a second row with Mode, Layout, and Options; Less collapses it. The m, F8, and o keyboard shortcuts remain available while the row is hidden. Expanding this second row takes its one display line from the bottom Running section; Projects and Sessions keep the same heights.

After an explicit layout change (F8 or [ / ]), quitting offers to keep the current pane proportions: Always keeps the latest custom layout, This time restores it on the next launch only, and No leaves it unsaved for this exit; Never also disables future layout prompts. [ and ] move only the sidebar's right divider; dual-agent layouts split the remaining area evenly again. Proportions, rather than cell counts or tmux pane identities, are stored, so a later terminal may have a different size. If a saved split cannot fit, Railmux uses safe responsive defaults for that run without overwriting the saved profile. The first Codex auto-run prompt uses the corresponding choices: Always, This Railmux run, No, or Never.

Press o, or select More → Options, to change persistent behavior without editing TOML. Layout retention, Codex auto-run, and Railmux updates support Always, Ask every time, and Never. Use arrow keys plus Enter/Space, or click a choice with the mouse. Activating the already selected choice confirms and closes the screen; Esc or o also closes it. Layout changes do not resize the current workspace; Codex auto-run changes affect new launches, not agents that are already running.

Dual-agent layouts

Railmux distinguishes the Focused pane from the Target pane. The Focused pane receives keyboard input; the Target pane is where actions started from the sidebar take effect. They can differ while you browse the sidebar.

Open the first agent normally, then press F8 to cycle through single, side-by-side, and stacked layouts. Pane 2 can remain empty until you choose a session for it, and layouts that do not fit the terminal are skipped. Returning to single leaves Pane 2's agent running in the background.

In a split, focus an agent pane to make it the Target pane. After focus returns to the sidebar, single-click or ␣ acts in that pane without moving keyboard focus; double-click or Enter opens there and transfers focus. The status bar at the bottom-left shows the current layout and Target pane:

Symbol	Meaning
▣	Single pane
◧ / ◨	Side-by-side, targeting left / right
⬒ / ⬓	Stacked, targeting top / bottom

Agent borders turn green around the Focused pane. When focus is in the sidebar, the borders return to gray while the status symbol continues to show the Target pane. Ctrl-B Tab returns directly from either agent pane to the sidebar without changing that Target, then toggles back to it. Ctrl-B plus an arrow remains spatial: left/right moves across a side-by-side split, while up/down moves between stacked agent panes.

Phones and compact terminals

Before switching to full-page compact mode, a dual-agent workspace that can no longer give both agents at least 50x12 temporarily shows the sidebar plus the current Target agent. The other agent keeps running in its detached tmux session. Widening the terminal restores both original slots, their saved split/stacked proportions, and the attached Target; this responsive projection does not change the user's saved F8 layout.

Railmux automatically switches to a one-page-at-a-time compact workspace when either terminal dimension is cramped: fewer than 80 columns or fewer than 24 rows. The existing panes and layout remain alive; the bottom status bar exposes [R] for the Railmux sidebar and [1]/[2] for the agent panes. The current page is highlighted. Click a page label when mouse reporting is enabled and the remote tmux is 3.4 or newer. Ctrl-B Tab remains the portable keyboard toggle between [R] and the current Target agent.

F8 still creates, removes, and remembers the second agent pane in compact mode, although only one page is shown at a time. F9 and divider-resize controls are unnecessary while a page already fills the screen, so they safely do nothing. Help and Options temporarily use the sidebar page and return to the previous page afterward.

Compact mode is selected from the available character-cell geometry, not the device name or portrait orientation. A phone landscape reported as 20 105 by stty size (20 rows by 105 columns) is compact because it is short; a portrait desktop monitor such as 60 rows by 100 columns retains the normal wide, multi-pane UI. Railmux waits until at least 84 columns and 26 rows are available before returning to wide mode, avoiding repeated changes around the boundary. The minimum usable workspace is 40 columns by 12 rows.

Finding running sessions

Plain text matches the visible session label, project, and provider without searching message content. Add project:<name> to restrict the list to one project. Claude Code and Codex keep independent Running filters, and blocked sessions move ahead of the other results.

Mouse

Action	Effect
Left-click (non-running)	Preview session history in the Target pane
Left-click (running)	Switch the Target pane to that session
Double-click	Open/attach in the Target pane and move focus there
Right-click	Context menu (Open, Preview, Info, Rename, Star, Kill, Term, Delete)

The terminal must report mouse buttons to applications for these actions to reach Railmux. Right-click reporting is sometimes a separate setting from ordinary mouse reporting; see FAQ 2.

History preview

For a stopped session, left-click or press ␣ to view conversation history in the Target pane without starting or resuming the agent. Preview is read-only: it cannot send a message or change the session. User and assistant messages, tool calls, and abbreviated tool output are colour-coded, while internal context and encrypted reasoning are hidden.

Preview opens at the latest activity in less; large sessions are limited to their latest 2,000 saved records. Press / to search, n/N to move between matches, and q to exit and restore the pane. Double-click to skip preview and open the session directly.

For a running session, single-click or ␣ switches the Target pane to it while focus stays in Railmux. For a stopped session, the same inputs open a read-only preview. Double-click or Enter opens either kind and transfers focus. The context-menu Preview action follows the single-click/␣ rule.

Status indicators

Each running session shows a coloured ● reflecting its current state:

• Green — idle (assistant last responded normally)
• Yellow — busy (assistant is processing)
• Red — blocked (waiting for tool approval)

An independent magenta ! marks an outcome that still needs attention, such as an abort or provider error. It does not replace the activity dot: a live session can be idle and still show !, while a stopped historical session keeps its neutral ○ marker alongside the badge. Session Info and Running Info show the available details.

A grass-green title identifies a live tmux session independently of its status; stopped sessions use a neutral hollow ○. The same grass green is used for the focused pane chrome and tmux status bar. The current cursor uses a deeper green background, while the session displayed in the agent pane remains marked in neutral slate after keyboard focus moves away.

Sessions and restarts

Each opened agent runs in a detached tmux session, so switching sessions does not interrupt it. To leave agents running when you quit Railmux, press s for soft quit in the confirmation popup; restarting the same Railmux instance then restores the usable workspace when those sessions are still available. A normal quit confirmation ends all running sessions instead.

All terminals attached to one managed Railmux window view the same UI process. Soft Quit therefore closes that shared UI for every attached view, although it does not stop the detached agent sessions. It is not an exclusive-client command; the quit prompt calls this out when multiple terminals are attached. To keep the current terminal and detach every other attached client, run Ctrl-B :detach-client -a Enter from the terminal you want to retain.

If Railmux stops while a provider is still creating a new session, the Running pane may show it as unresolved. You can reopen or stop that agent, but Railmux will not offer to delete provider history until it can identify the session safely.

Configuration

Optional config at ~/.config/railmux/config.toml:

[claude]
# Path to the claude binary (default: "claude")
binary = "claude"

[codex]
# Path to the codex binary (default: "codex")
binary = "codex"
home = "~/.codex"
# New Codex launches: "always", "ask", or "never" (default: "ask")
auto_run = "ask"

[ui]
# Save custom pane proportions: "always", "ask", or "never"
layout_retention = "ask"

[updates]
# PyPI update checks at normal Railmux startup: "always", "ask", or "never"
auto_update = "ask"

[projects]
# Show projects with no resumable sessions (default: false)
show_empty_projects = false

[live]
# How often to refresh the session list (ms)
poll_interval_ms = 1000

# Agent display mode (default: "swap").
# Set "nested" only when troubleshooting an unusual tmux environment.
agent_transport = "swap" # or "nested"

Most users should leave agent_transport unchanged. Railmux automatically uses the compatible nested display when the default swap mode is not safe for the current tmux environment.

This is Railmux's only user settings file. Manual edits and the in-app Options screen update the same values; Options preserves comments, formatting, order, and unknown keys. A one-run Codex choice is kept only in memory. A This time layout profile is stored here until it is successfully applied on the next launch, then removed.

When the default auto_update = "ask" finds a newer stable PyPI release, Railmux offers Always, This time, No, or Never before opening the TUI. Always installs this and future releases automatically, This time updates only now, No skips only this launch, and Never disables future checks. Update checks time out quickly and never prevent offline startup; failed installs continue with the installed version and print a manual command. Editable source installations are reported but never overwritten.

Diagnostics

railmux doctor

The doctor command works even when tmux is missing. It reports component versions, terminal capability hints, configuration health, dedicated-server reachability, watchdog state, the number of legacy candidates on the default server, the age and bounded category of the last recorded tmux incident, and whether provider data directories are accessible. Its output is designed for issue reports: it does not include hostnames, usernames, session IDs, transcripts, credentials, environment values, configured commands, socket paths, or raw custom paths.

FAQ

1. How do I copy text from the agent pane?

Under tmux the sidebar and agent share the screen, and over SSH your clipboard lives on the local machine.

OSC 52 (iTerm2, kitty, WezTerm, Alacritty, foot, Windows Terminal): drag-select in the agent pane copies to the local clipboard automatically, even over SSH, no Shift needed. (iTerm2: enable Settings → General → Selection → "Applications in terminal may access clipboard".)

Without OSC 52 (Terminal.app, etc.): press F9 to fullscreen the agent → Shift‑drag to select → Cmd+C / Ctrl+C to copy → F9 to return.

Ctrl-B z also toggles fullscreen (built into tmux) but zooms whichever pane has focus — it may fullscreen the sidebar instead of the agent.

2. Mouse buttons or F8/F9 don't work — what's wrong?

These are usually terminal‑side settings, not tmux or railmux.

Mouse: enable your terminal's “Report mouse events” or “Mouse reporting” setting. Railmux already enables tmux mouse support for its own sessions, but it cannot receive an event that the terminal keeps for its own UI.

Right-click may have a separate forwarding switch. In iTerm2, open Settings → Pointer → General, then enable “Right click reported to apps, does not open menu.” Without it, iTerm2 opens its own menu instead of sending the click to Railmux.

VS Code and Cursor users can change Terminal › Integrated: Right Click Behavior when the editor's own menu prevents right-click from reaching Railmux. copyPaste is the recommended starting point: Railmux handles right-click while its mouse-aware sidebar is active, and the editor retains its convenient copy/paste behavior elsewhere in the terminal. Cursor exposes the same VS Code setting. Configure it in User Settings JSON:

{
  "terminal.integrated.rightClickBehavior": "copyPaste"
}

Use nothing instead if your editor version still intercepts right-click or you prefer all right-click events to pass directly to terminal applications.

F8 (layout) and F9 (fullscreen): the operating system or terminal may consume function keys before tmux sees them. On macOS, either hold Fn when pressing the key or enable System Settings → Keyboard → “Use F1, F2, etc. keys as standard function keys”; also remove any Mission Control shortcut using the same key. On Windows laptops, Fn+Esc commonly toggles Fn Lock. If the terminal has its own shortcut or key-mapping editor, remove the conflicting mapping or configure it to send the corresponding F8/F9 function-key sequence to the terminal session.

3. Using railmux over SSH

There are two supported ways to use Railmux over SSH:

• Run ordinary ssh your-server, then railmux. This uses the terminal's normal tmux rendering path. If large Codex or Claude redraws feel slow, the Cursor integrated terminal is a practical option to try; in our testing it handles queued terminal updates especially well.
• Run railmux ssh your-server locally. This latest-state display discards superseded intermediate frames, sends compressed row-level changes, and keeps bounded agent history locally for responsive scrolling. It is usually the better choice when ordinary SSH suffers during full-screen redraws.

The ordinary SSH path works out of the box, including mouse scrolling in the agent pane. These tweaks can improve its responsiveness and scrollback:

Server (~/.tmux.conf on the remote machine):

set -sg escape-time 0         # eliminate delay after Escape key
set -g  history-limit 10000   # generous scrollback per pane

Client (~/.ssh/config on your local machine):

Host your-server
    Compression yes           # smoother tmux pane scrolling over SSH

If the ordinary connection is so slow that the sidebar cannot refresh one frame per second, try railmux ssh or switch to keyboard navigation — ↑↓ / Tab / Enter cover every operation and do not depend on mouse redraws.

Latest-state SSH display

For terminals that struggle with large tmux redraw bursts, Railmux also has an SSH client that transmits coalesced screen state instead of every intermediate terminal update. Install Railmux locally, then run:

railmux ssh your-server

Before the remote helper attaches to tmux, both ends exchange package and private-protocol versions. If Railmux is absent remotely, the local client asks before installing the exact local version with its ssh extra into the remote user environment. It checks python3 -m pip, python -m pip, pip3, then pip; it never runs sudo or installs system packages, so tmux must already be available remotely. If the remote version is newer, the client asks before upgrading local Railmux with the current Python and then restarts the same command. Different package versions can connect when their protocol version is compatible. Installation first uses per-user site packages. If PEP 668 or the server's Python policy rejects that location, a second prompt offers to create the isolated ~/.local/share/railmux/ssh-venv and continue without sudo or system-Python changes. Declined or failed setup prints equivalent commands for manual recovery. Later connections discover the private environment without PATH changes. Unpublished development versions may require copying the matching wheel or source checkout.

The default remote session is started automatically when absent. Ctrl-B d detaches normally; Ctrl-] is an emergency local disconnect. Mouse forwarding is on by default. The client refreshes a 300-line hot cache for each agent pane; wheel-up displays it immediately and fills up to 2000 lines in the background. Agent-pane wheel events are then handled only locally, while sidebar scrolling continues to reach Railmux normally. Scroll to the bottom or press Esc to return to live output. Each agent pane keeps an independent history position; the sidebar and other agents continue updating, and reaching the bottom or typing restores only that pane. Reported clicks and drags are ignored while history is visible if the gesture starts inside that same pane; clicking an other agent changes focus without moving either history pane, while a sidebar click safely restores them all. F8/F9, Help's controller-pane zoom, modal close, and resize invalidate the old pointer map before it can be reused. Terminal-native selection overrides remain terminal-dependent. Agent-pane clicks still change focus, but reported mouse drags are kept local so they cannot accidentally invoke tmux copy-mode; Ctrl-B [ remains the explicit copy-mode path. Use --no-mouse when reliable ordinary terminal selection is more important than local history. History preserves text colours and common character styles. For upgrade-only legacy sessions displayed through a nested tmux client, Railmux reads scrollback from the identity-validated real agent pane rather than the zero-history wrapper; it does not resize or alter the old session. Bracketed paste and terminal focus events follow the active remote application.

On mobile terminals such as Termux, opening the soft keyboard may temporarily make stty size report fewer than 12 rows. At startup, railmux ssh waits in ordinary cooked mode for the keyboard to close instead of corrupting the remote layout. During an attached session, it keeps the remote logical terminal size unchanged and shows a bottom-anchored local projection so the tmux status bar and nearby input rows remain visible. Closing the keyboard restores and repaints the full view. This projection expects the terminal's column count to remain stable; close the keyboard before rotating the device. A terminal narrower than 40 columns is rejected immediately; hide the keyboard or reduce the terminal font size before connecting.

Both the ordinary launcher and SSH display keep a low-frequency watchdog outside the attached tmux client. Three consecutive dedicated-server health failures restore the local terminal, end only that display client, and record a privacy-safe incident shown by railmux doctor. The watchdog never kills or restarts tmux or a system crash collector; provider rollout files are untouched. The SSH client also sends a private heartbeat. If a network outage leaves SSH half-open, the remote helper expires its own 45-second lease and detaches only the exact private tmux client it created; the Railmux session, panes, and agents stay alive. Protocol-v7 helpers use only a short attach mutex, so another current client can connect during that cleanup. If an older helper still owns the historical lifetime lock, reconnecting presents an explicit replacement prompt. Approving it may detach every terminal attached to that managed Railmux session, but never kills the session or its agents.

4. Will automated review sessions pollute my session list?

Codex: sessions created by codex exec (headless automation, pre‑commit hooks, CI) are filtered automatically — railmux only shows interactive sessions (codex-tui, codex_cli_rs).

Claude Code: for one-shot automated reviews, disable session persistence so the consultation never appears in /resume:

# Print mode only; the review is not saved as a resumable session
claude -p --no-session-persistence "review this diff"

(--no-session-persistence is a Claude Code print-mode option.)

5. pip reports "externally-managed-environment"

Create a virtual environment, then install Railmux with that environment's pip. This works on macOS, Linux, and WSL without modifying the system Python:

python3 -m venv ~/.venvs/railmux
source ~/.venvs/railmux/bin/activate
pip install railmux

pipx install railmux is an optional convenience for a globally available CLI; it is not required on macOS or any other platform.

6. Can I open Railmux in multiple terminal windows?

Yes, as multiple views of one shared workspace. Normal launches and current railmux ssh helpers may attach to the same managed railmux tmux session. Railmux pins that shared window to tmux's smallest sizing policy, so a smaller terminal does not see clipped content and focus changes no longer make geometry jump between client sizes.

These are not independent workspaces: every client still shares focus, Target pane, layout, pane proportions, and the one tmux window geometry chosen for the smallest attached viewport. A new client may therefore open with its cursor in the sidebar or a preview selected by another client; use Ctrl-B plus an arrow, Ctrl-B Tab, or a mouse click to focus the intended agent pane. Simultaneous input can interfere. Use Ctrl-B d to detach exactly the terminal issuing the key; the clickable Detach action asks for that shortcut when several clients are attached because a sidebar process cannot identify which tmux client clicked it.

To make the current terminal the only attached view, use Ctrl-B :detach-client -a Enter. This detaches the other clients without stopping Railmux or its agents. Soft Quit is different: it closes the one shared Railmux UI, so every attached view loses that UI while the detached agents stay alive for the next launch.

For independent full-screen geometry and pane proportions, use one interactive Railmux window at a time for now. That behavior requires separate display workspaces rather than another option on one tmux window. Detached agent sessions keep running in the background, so closing or detaching the visible client does not stop them. Advanced users can launch separate instances inside separate tmux sessions or servers, but that is not yet a polished multi-window workflow and the instances still share provider history and Railmux configuration on disk.

Acknowledgements

The tmux sidebar idea and initial architecture came from regmi-saugat/ccmgr. railmux extends it with Codex support, session history preview, starring, in-app renaming, mouse interaction, and a status bar integrated into the tmux status line.

Contributing

Contributions are welcome; see CONTRIBUTING.md.