selenium 4.45.0

Official Python bindings for Selenium WebDriver

Introduction

Python language bindings for Selenium WebDriver.

The selenium package is used to automate web browser interaction from Python.

Home:	https://selenium.dev
GitHub:	https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/Selenium
PyPI:	https://pypi.org/project/selenium
IRC/Slack:	https://selenium.dev/support/#ChatRoom
Docs:	https://selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/py
API Reference:	https://selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/py/api.html

Updated documentation published with each commit is available at: readthedocs.io

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Supported Python Versions

• Python 3.10+

Supported Browsers

Several browsers are supported, as well as the Remote protocol:

• Chrome

• Edge

• Firefox

• Safari

• WebKitGTK

• WPEWebKit

Installing

Install or upgrade the Python bindings with pip <https://pip.pypa.io/>.

Latest official release:

pip install -U selenium

Nightly development release:

pip install -U --index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ --extra-index-url https://pypi.org/simple/ selenium

Note: you should consider using a virtual environment to create an isolated Python environment for installation.

Drivers

Selenium requires a driver to interface with the chosen browser (chromedriver, edgedriver, geckodriver, etc).

In older versions of Selenium, it was necessary to install and manage these drivers yourself. You had to make sure the driver executable was available on your system PATH, or specified explicitly in code. Modern versions of Selenium handle browser and driver installation for you with Selenium Manager. You generally don’t have to worry about driver installation or configuration now that it’s done for you when you instantiate a WebDriver. Selenium Manager works with most supported platforms and browsers. If it doesn’t meet your needs, you can still install and specify browsers and drivers yourself.

Links to some of the more popular browser drivers:

Chrome:	https://developer.chrome.com/docs/chromedriver
Edge:	https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver
Firefox:	https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver
Safari:	https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10

Example 0:

• launch a new Chrome browser

• load a web page

• close the browser

from selenium import webdriver


driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://selenium.dev")
driver.quit()

Example 1:

• launch a new Chrome browser

• load the Selenium documentation page

• find the “WebDriver” link

• click the “WebDriver” link

• close the browser

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("https://selenium.dev/documentation")
assert "Selenium" in driver.title

elem = driver.find_element(By.ID, "m-documentationwebdriver")
elem.click()
assert "WebDriver" in driver.title

driver.quit()

Example 2:

Selenium WebDriver is often used as a basis for testing web applications. Here is an example using Python’s standard unittest framework:

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver


class SeleniumTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.addCleanup(self.driver.quit)

    def test_page_title(self):
        self.driver.get("https://selenium.dev")
        self.assertIn("Selenium", self.driver.title)

Example 3:

Here is an example using pytest framework:

import pytest
from selenium import webdriver


@pytest.fixture
def driver():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    yield driver
    driver.quit()


def test_page_title(driver):
    driver.get("https://selenium.dev")
    assert "Selenium" in driver.title

Selenium Grid (optional)

For local Selenium scripts, the Java server is not needed.

To use Selenium remotely, you need to also run a Selenium Grid. For information on running Selenium Grid: https://selenium.dev/documentation/grid/getting_started/

To use Remote WebDriver see: https://selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/drivers/remote_webdriver/?tab=python

Use The Source Luke!

View source code online:

Official:

https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/tree/trunk/py