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Python 写策略与投研流程,Rust 扛事件驱动回测内核。

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trade-learn 旨在解决量化投研中「研究(Learn)」与「回测(Trade)」长期脱节的问题。它采用「Python 表达策略逻辑 + Rust 原生回测内核」的混合架构,按已登记的 Backtrader 语义逐项对照,在下文固定多资产回测样本中取得 110x+ 的性能提升,将大规模策略验证从小时级压缩至秒级,为指数增强与机器学习策略提供真正可迭代的研究效率。

在高性能之外,trade-learn 同时提供一套完整的投研基础设施。框架内置 JupyterLab 与 MLflow,将因子挖掘、策略验证与实验审计无缝串联,构建出一条可复现、可追踪、可审计的投研流水线,使研究过程从“结果导向”升级为可系统化管理的工程流程,让研究员专注于策略逻辑本身。

trade-learn research flow

在方法论层面,项目同样强调研究的科学性。针对机器学习策略中常见的“伪相关”问题,trade-learn 将 因果推断(Causal Inference) 深度融入投研流程,通过识别真实的因果驱动路径,降低样本外衰减风险,帮助构建兼具解释性与稳健性的量化策略体系。

实现路径

trade-learn 拒绝功能的简单堆砌,而是通过独特的“双模双核”设计,在专业深度与研发效率之间构建了平衡。底层通过 Engine 深度对齐 Backtrader 语义以夯实逻辑正确性,上层则由 Lite 提供极简的 Pythonic 接口,确保了“快”与“准”的统一。

您可以根据研发阶段,自由定义策略的深度:

  • Engine 模式 (深度研发):深度对齐 Backtrader 语义,支持 Analyzer/Sizer/Signal 完整生态,适合逐项研究订单、指标与分析器行为的复杂回测策略。
  • Lite 模式 (敏捷验证):沿袭 backtesting.py 的极简主义,支持模型权重直连,极其适合在因子挖掘阶段进行高频迭代与原型验证。

在生态层面,trade-learn 提供完善的指标支持。框架兼容 TA-Lib、Pandas-TA-Classic、TDX、TradingView 等主流指标库,并支持灵活扩展自定义指标与数据源,满足不同研究场景的需求。

核心亮点

⚡️ 高能内核:Rust 驱动的极致性能

  • Rust 混合动力:撮合引擎与核心计算由 Rust 承载,提供单标的 28x、多资产调仓 110x+ 的 Backtrader 级加速。
  • 自动 Runner 调度:根据数据形态自动选择“单流逐 Bar”或“Panel 批量”推进。针对指数增强场景优化了内存布局,开发者只需关注 next() 逻辑。

🛡️ 严谨金融:回测语义逐项对照

  • Engine 级对齐:完整支持 Analyzer / Sizer / Signal 体系,确保回测 Trades 与 Backtrader Oracle 逻辑零差异,高度支持自拓展组件。
  • Lite 极简表达:在同一 Runtime 上构建的轻量语法。内置 target_weights 接口,将机器学习模型输出的权重一键转化为回测决策。

🧪 因果投研:跨越相关性的科学流程

  • Causal-First 特征筛选:内置 PC / FCI 等因果发现算法,识别因子的真实驱动路径,从源头对抗回测中的“伪相关”与过拟合。
  • Pipeline 全链路流水线:将特征工程、因果筛选、评分模型、组合权重与回测报告无缝耦合,形成可复现的实验闭环。

📦 模块化平台:轻量核心,按需扩展

  • 核心解耦:默认安装包含 Engine、Lite 与基础数据处理;报告、因子、Parquet、机器学习和指标后端按需安装。
  • 弹性扩展:通过 [lab] 或 [all] 扩展,可一键激活 JupyterLab + MLflow + AI 助手 组成的集成投研环境,实现“按需加载、随处运行”。

🌍 全球视野:多口径指标与现代生态

  • 双市场口径:显式支持 TDX (国内) 和 TradingView (国外) 指标口径,同时深度兼容 TA-Lib 与 Pandas-TA-Classic。
  • 现代投研工具:开箱即用的 HTML 交互式报告、MLflow 实验追踪以及 JupyterLab / MCP 深度集成。

因果投研:跨越“伪相关”陷阱

大多数量化研究止步于统计相关性 (Correlation),这极易导致因子在回测中表现优异、实盘中却迅速失效(过拟合)。trade-learn 通过内置的 因果发现 (Causal Discovery) 机制,帮助您识别收益背后的真实动因:

  • 因果特征筛选:通过 CausalSelector 结合 PC / FCI 算法,剥离由于“共同观测”产生的伪相关因子,仅保留对收益具有直接驱动能力的特征。
  • 抵抗样本外衰减:基于因果图定位的 Alpha 因子在市场风格切换时具备更强的生存力,有效降低从研究到实盘的性能落差。
  • 工业级无缝集成:深度整合 causal-learn 生态,让前沿的因果推断技术像调用 corr() 一样丝滑,极大降低了学术算法的落地门槛。

适合谁

  • 敏捷开发者与灵感验证: 厌倦了厚重的配置,希望在几行代码内完成从想法到回测报告的转化,享受类 backtesting.py 的轻快体验,极其适合快速验证原型。
  • 指数增强与组合管理: 面对 1000+ 标的的大规模回测,利用 Rust Panel Runner 实现秒级调仓模拟,彻底告别传统框架在多资产处理上的漫长等待。
  • 机器学习与因子研究: 希望将特征工程、因果发现、模型训练(MLflow 追踪)与回测一站式打通,构建从数据到报告的完整自动化闭环。
  • Backtrader 资深玩家: 在保留成熟事件驱动语义的同时,寻求更现代的报告体系、全链路流水线以及高性能 Rust 回测内核。
  • 跨市场与多策略团队:
    • 跨市场统一:同时覆盖 A股 (TDX) 与海外 (TradingView),要求指标口径与报告体系完全一致。
    • 全体系维护:统一管理规则策略与模型策略,拒绝工具链割裂带来的研发与维护成本。
  • 因果推断探索者: 致力于在因子筛选阶段引入因果图技术,通过剔除“伪相关”来构建具有强解释性和高稳健性的量化系统。

安装

默认安装提供研究、回测、通用策略生命周期及策略日志组件;不自动连接账户、启用策略或发送日志。研究与回测支持 Python 3.10–3.14,原生扩展须匹配操作系统和 Python ABI。

pip install trade-learn==0.2.9

选择 Nautilus 执行宿主时,在 Python 3.13 或 3.14 安装:

pip install "trade-learn[nautilus]==0.2.9"

[nautilus] 固定官方 nautilus_trader==2.0.0rc7。这条可选执行路径使用预发行框架,按实验性接入提供;仍需显式账户、标的、venue 路由与恢复配置。其它 Python 版本的 pip 会按依赖 marker 跳过 Nautilus,不能因此使用执行桥;基础 TL 功能仍可用。详见安装与运行边界。

可选 extras:

extra 用途
[nautilus] 固定官方 Nautilus;实验性外部执行桥,需 Python 3.13/3.14
[tdx] OpenTDX 数据源与国内指标依赖
[tv] TradingView 数据源与 PyneCore 指标后端
[talib] TA-Lib 指标命名空间
[indicators] TDX + TradingView + TA-Lib 指标后端
[factor] 因子统计分析(SciPy)
[parquet] Parquet 数据读写(PyArrow)
[report] 图表与 HTML / Excel 报告
[ml] 因果机器学习依赖
[research] Numba 等投研加速工具
[duckdb] DuckDB 行情存储后端
[lab] JupyterLab / Jupyter AI / MCP / Pygwalker 交互研究环境
[mlflow] MLflow tracking server 与实验 artifact 记录
[all] Lab、MLflow、指标后端、ML、DuckDB 等完整研究环境

💡 安装建议: 默认安装包含基础数据处理、本地记录器和按需发送依赖;不安装 Nautilus。因子分析、Parquet、指标后端和报表需要对应 extra。若需开启包含 JupyterLab 与 MLflow 的完整研究环境,请指定 [all];它不自动安装 Na,Python 3.13/3.14 可显式组合 [all,nautilus]:

pip install "trade-learn[all]"

在项目根目录使用命令行启动 tradelearn lab 后,默认可通过 8888 端口进入交互式环境,通过 5050 端口查看 MLflow 实验记录。

原生产物与平台

能力 Python / 平台
研究、回测与原生内核 Python 3.10–3.14:Linux x86_64、macOS arm64、Windows x86_64;Linux aarch64 提供 CPython 3.13 wheel
可选 Nautilus 执行 Python 3.13/3.14,须存在官方 rc7 对应平台 wheel;订单、产品及真实 venue 的支持另行验收
策略日志 需匹配的本包 native Recorder;本地持久化与远程发送按平台分别验证,详情见运行说明

快速上手

以下快速上手示例调用 TradingView、TDX 指标和报表,请先安装 pip install "trade-learn[indicators,report]"。单标的时间序列因子评估见 Research 指南。

Lite——最短路径(适合快速验证、教学、多资产目标权重):

import tradelearn.lite as tl
from tradelearn.data import TradingViewProvider


class LiteSmaCross(tl.Strategy):
    fast = 10
    slow = 20

    def init(self):
        self.fast_ma = tl.tdx.MA(self.data.close, N=self.fast)
        self.slow_ma = tl.tdx.MA(self.data.close, N=self.slow)
        self.start_on_bar(self.slow + 1)

    def next(self):
        if self.fast_ma[0] > self.slow_ma[0] and not self.position():
            self.buy(size=100)
        elif self.fast_ma[0] < self.slow_ma[0] and self.position():
            self.position().close()


provider = TradingViewProvider(n_bars=5000)
bars = provider.history_ohlc("NASDAQ:AAPL", start="2023-01-01", end="2024-01-01")

bt = tl.Backtest(bars, LiteSmaCross, cash=100_000, commission=0.0003, trade_on_close=True)
stats = bt.run()

print(stats.summary)
bt.plot()
bt.report("report.html")

Engine——Backtrader 风格(适合复杂 / 组合策略;paper/live 由外部宿主驱动):

import tradelearn.engine as bt
from tradelearn.data import TradingViewProvider


class SmaCross(bt.Strategy):
    params = (("fast", 10), ("slow", 20))

    def __init__(self):
        self.fast = bt.tdx.MA(self.data.close, N=self.p.fast)
        self.slow = bt.tdx.MA(self.data.close, N=self.p.slow)

    def next(self):
        if not self.position and self.fast[0] > self.slow[0]:
            self.buy(size=100)
        elif self.position and self.fast[0] < self.slow[0]:
            self.close()


provider = TradingViewProvider(n_bars=5000)
bars = provider.history_ohlc("NASDAQ:AAPL", start="2023-01-01", end="2024-01-01")

cerebro = bt.Cerebro(trade_on_close=True)
cerebro.setcash(100_000)
cerebro.setcommission(0.0003)
cerebro.adddata(bars, name="AAPL")
cerebro.addstrategy(SmaCross)

[strategy] = cerebro.run()
print(strategy.stats.summary)

cerebro.plot()
cerebro.report("report.html")

可选执行与策略日志

研究和回测继续使用 Engine / Lite;需要外部执行时,通用桥把 Engine StrategyRuntime 接到 Nautilus,由其适配器提供权威订单、成交与账户事实。Lite 的批量指标生命周期不等于完整实盘接入。具体用法见执行接入指南。

python -m tradelearn_runtime.support

该命令展示固定官方版本实际内置的适配器及行情/执行 factory 分类;行情源不因此具有下单能力,目录存在也不表示全部订单、paper、实盘或平台已验收。自研券商扩展应独立安装,私有 cTrader、策略与账户配置不在本包内。

策略日志按需装配,共用本地记录器;远程发送须显式配置受限授权。关闭日志或不接商业监控,不会关闭账户、路由、持仓归属与未决提交恢复保护。安装不是自动交易许可,软件校验不能保证避免交易损失。API、原生平台与发送边界见运行与日志说明。

投研流水线示例

README 只放最短可读版本,完整脚本见 examples/research/index_enhance_lite_pipeline.py 和 examples/research/index_enhance_engine_pipeline.py。

1. Research:从原始行情生成特征、切分训练集 / 测试集

import tradelearn.research as research
import tradelearn.research.preprocess as pp

feature_set = research.FeatureSet(
    {
        "alpha": lambda p: p.close.pct_change(20)
        / p.close.pct_change().rolling(20).std(),
        "size": lambda p: p.close,
    },
    target={"label": lambda p: p.close.shift(-20) / p.close - 1.0},
)

features = feature_set.fit_transform(bars, include_target=True).dropna()
train, test = research.time_split(features, split="2023-09-01", level="timestamp")

2. Pipeline:预处理、模型打分、生成权重

from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingRegressor
import tradelearn.research.portfolio as pf

pipe = research.Pipeline(
    [
        pp.Winsorizer(columns=["alpha"], limits=(0.05, 0.95)),
        pp.Neutralizer(columns=["alpha"], exposures=["size"]),
        pp.StandardScaler(columns=["alpha"]),
    ]
)
train = pipe.fit_transform(train)
test = pipe.transform(test)

model = GradientBoostingRegressor(random_state=7)
model.fit(train[["alpha"]], train["label"])
scores = research.ModelScorer(model, features=("alpha",), current=False).predict(test)

weights = pf.Allocator(
    select=pf.TopK(k=2),
    weight=pf.EqualWeight(gross=0.95),
    constrain=pf.Constraints(max_weight=0.5, normalize=True),
).build(scores)

3. Portfolio:把目标权重交给 Lite / Engine 执行

class LitePortfolio(tl.Strategy):
    def next(self):
        if len(self.data) % 20 == 0:
            self.target_weights(self.research_result.weights[0], close_missing=True)


test_bars = research.split_bars(bars, split="2023-09-01")
stats = tl.Backtest(test_bars, LitePortfolio, cash=100_000).run(
    research_result=research_result
)

4. Live-style:在策略里只用当前可见窗口推理

投研流水线适合离线训练和复盘;如果要让策略语义更接近实盘,可以把模型和 allocator 放进策略参数,在 next() 中用 history_panel() 只读取当前已经发生的窗口。

class LiveStylePortfolio(tl.Strategy):
    lookback = 20

    def init(self):
        self.start_on_bar(self.lookback)

    def next(self):
        if len(self.data) % 20 != 0:
            return

        panel = self.history_panel(self.lookback)
        features = self.feature_set.transform(panel).dropna()
        scores = self.scorer.predict(features)
        weights = self.allocator.build(scores)
        self.target_weights(weights, close_missing=True)

完整版本:

目标 完整脚本
Lite 投研 + 回测 + report + MLflow examples/research/index_enhance_lite_pipeline.py
Engine 投研 + 回测 + report + MLflow examples/research/index_enhance_engine_pipeline.py
Lite live-style 当前窗口推理 examples/research/index_enhance_lite_live.py
Engine live-style 当前窗口推理 examples/research/index_enhance_engine_live.py
Engine Backtrader 风格组合调仓 examples/engine/11_target_percent_portfolio.py
资产类别组合策略 examples/engine/12_asset_class_portfolios.py

对齐与性能

以下数字为对应历史输入与环境下的基准,不代表所有策略或新增 observer 路径的性能。本机基线关注两个核心:结果是否对齐、吞吐是否明显快于 Backtrader。完整复现命令见 性能基准。

1. 单标的高频压测:双均线交叉 (55 万 Bar)

  • 策略原理:执行标准的双均线交叉逻辑。旨在压测 Rust 在处理长序列、单数据流时的事件驱动性能与状态维护效率,挑战单核推进极限。
引擎模式 处理耗时 吞吐量 (Bars/s) 加速比 最终权益 成交单数 闭环交易 状态
Tradelearn Lite 1.32s 414,990 27.9x 118,399.33 10,299 5,149 EXACT
Tradelearn Engine 3.37s 162,883 11.0x 118,399.33 10,299 5,149 EXACT
Backtrader (Oracle) 37.02s 14,854 1.0x 118,399.33 10,299 5,149 -

2. 多标的大规模指增:Top-50 目标权重 (504 万 Bar)

  • 策略原理:模拟 1000 标的全市场选股调仓。旨在压测 Rust 对大规模 Panel 数据的内存布局优化与并发处理能力,真实还原机器学习策略的投研场景。
引擎模式 处理耗时 吞吐量 (Bars/s) 加速比 最终权益 完成订单 调仓意图 重平衡次数
Tradelearn Lite 2.40s 2,094,237 119.1x 4,199,638.26 23,249 23,249 239
Tradelearn Engine 4.11s 1,225,594 69.7x 4,199,638.26 23,249 23,249 239
Backtrader (Oracle) 286.53s 17,589 1.0x 4,199,638.26 23,249 23,249 239

一致性承诺

trade-learn 将“对照基线”视为核心工程纪律。我们确保每一项计算结果都经得起严苛推敲,并在以下维度保持数值对齐:

  • 金融指标对齐:metrics(Sharpe, MaxDD, Sortino 等)完全对标 empyrical,误差控制在 rtol=1e-10。
  • 多源指标对齐:
    • tl.pta (经典指标) 对标 pandas-ta-classic:rtol=1e-10。
    • tl.tdx (通达信口径) 对标 MyTT:rtol=1e-10。
    • tl.tv (TradingView 口径) 对标 pyneCore 实现:rtol=1e-6。
  • 回测引擎对齐:
    • 决策层:成交记录 (Trades) 对标 Backtrader 官方实现,实现 0 差异(时间、方向、头寸完全一致)。
    • 净值层:Equity 曲线误差 rtol=1e-6,汇总统计数据误差 rtol=1e-4。

完整文档

主题 入口
30 行走通第一个回测 快速开始
Lite / Engine 用法 Lite 指南 · Engine 指南
外部执行与日志 执行接入 · 运行与日志
架构与边界 架构
因子 / ML / 权重研究流水线 Research 指南
双口径指标(tl.talib / tl.pta / tl.tdx / tl.tv) Indicators 指南
性能基线 性能基准
内核(契约 / 撮合 / portfolio / 事件循环) 设计笔记
完整 API API 参考

🚀 路线图 (Roadmap)

基于当前的工程规划,我们将 trade-learn 的进化路径划分为以下核心维度:

回测引擎与核心地基

  • Rust 混合内核:实现 Clocked Multi-Data Runner,多资产回测性能提升 110x+。
  • Backtrader 语义对齐:撮合逻辑 100% 一致,支持通过 bt.Strategy 共享底层 Runtime。
  • 指数增强流水线:打通 Data → Factor → Score → Weights → target_weights() 全流程。
  • 自动化实验审计:深度集成 MLflow,自动记录代码快照、参数、指标及报告。
  • 高性能数据后端:DuckDB 原生连接器已落地,支持亿级 Bar 的本地秒级读取与跨维度查询。
  • 风险模型集成:支持 Barra 风格风险暴露分析与超额收益分解。

科学投研能力

  • 因果发现基础:集成 CausalSelector (PC/FCI),从特征工程阶段识别 Alpha 真实驱动。
  • 算法增强:引入 GIES、Direct-LiNGAM 等高级算法,提升因子筛选的可解释性与稳定性。
  • 因果驱动闭环:将因果分析与参数优化、风险控制形成自动化的研发闭环。

智能体与 AI 能力

  • MCP 知识网关:MCP Server 已上线,实现 AI 对 API 的结构化理解与自动代码生成。
  • Agentic 策略诊断:利用 LLM 自动解析回测结果,识别亏损动因并给出逻辑优化建议。
  • LLM 因子解释器:利用大模型将因果发现结果转化为直观的金融投资逻辑。

工程化与 ML 生命周期

  • Model Registry:基于 MLflow 实现模型注册,支持特征指纹与模型版本的全生命周期管理。
  • 分布式参数优化:基于 Ray / Optuna 扩展多机并行的参数搜索与蒙特卡洛模拟。

实盘与生态愿景

  • 通用实盘事件链路:默认研究、事件回放和外部 paper/live 共用策略生命周期;成交结果取决于券商及输入调度。
  • 可选执行宿主:通用 Nautilus 桥与可选日志装配;具体来源、订单及生产接入仍逐项验收,生产凭据不随公共包交付。
  • Agentic Quant 平台:最终演进为支持自然语言驱动的全流程投研自动化底座。

免责声明 (Disclaimer)

本项目仅用于学术研究与技术交流,不构成任何投资建议。量化交易存在极高风险,回测表现不代表未来实盘收益。开发者不对因使用本项目导致的任何经济损失承担责任。请投资者谨慎决策,风险自担。

This project is for academic research and technical exchange only and does not constitute any investment advice. Quantitative trading involves high risk; past performance is not indicative of future results. The developers are not responsible for any financial losses incurred through the use of this project. Invest at your own risk.

致谢

Quantopian · Trevor Stephens · PyWhy · dodid · DolphinDB · happydasch · mpquant · baobao1997

联系方式

微信公众号:知守溪的收纳屋 · 邮箱:muyes88@gmail.com

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Release files for trade-learn 0.2.9

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Source distribution for trade-learn 0.2.9
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trade_learn-0.2.9-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl CPython 3.13 CPython 3.13 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64 Details for trade_learn-0.2.9-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
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Security for trade-learn 0.2.9

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