Tools to convert Wikidata to CIDOC CRM (eCRM/LRMoo/INTRO)

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Project description

Wikidata to CIDOC CRM (wiki2crm)

💾 Zenodo dump: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17396140

🧐 Read more: Laura Untner: From Wikidata to CIDOC CRM: A Use Case Scenario for Digital Comparative Literary Studies. In: Journal of Open Humanities Data 11 (2025), pp. 1–15, DOI: 10.5334/johd.421.

This repository contains Python scripts that transform structured data from Wikidata into RDF using CIDOC CRM (OWL version, eCRM) and models based on CIDOC CRM: LRMoo and INTRO.

You can use the Python scripts in src/wiki2crm individually or with the provided Python package wiki2crm.

The goal is to enable CIDOC CRM-based semantic enrichment from Wikidata and other linked data sources. The scripts also use PROV-O (prov:wasDerivedFrom) to link data back to Wikidata.

To improve inference capabilities, all ECRM classes and properties have been mapped to CIDOC CRM using owl:equivalentClass and owl:equivalentProperty. Also, all LRMoo classes and properties have been mapped to FRBRoo and eFRBRoo.

The authors, works and relations modules model basic biographical, bibliographical, and intertextual information based on data from Wikidata and can be dynamically extended. The scripts generate—depending on the module—an ontology (owl:Ontology) for authors, works, or intertexts.


Modules overview

The merge module can be used to merge the outputted Turtle files.

The map_and_align module looks for more identifiers from Schema.org, DBpedia, GND, VIAF, GeoNames and Goodreads and adds more ontology alignments mainly using SKOS. The aligned ontologies are: BIBO, CiTO, DC, DoCo, DraCor, FaBiO, FOAF, FRBRoo, GOLEM, Intertextuality Ontology, MiMoText, OntoPoetry/POSTDATA (core and analysis modules), and the Ontologies of Under-Represented Writers and Books.

The mappings and alignments are done separately so that the script can hopefully be more easily updated. It focuses specifically on those classes and properties that are important for the relations module.


Workflow overview

🪄 Reality check: These scripts are not magical. Data that is not available in Wikidata cannot appear in the triples.
⚠️ Base URI: All URIs currently use the https://sappho-digital.com/ base. Please adapt this to your own environment as needed.
💡 Reuse is encouraged. The scripts are open for reuse. They are developed in the context of the project Sappho Digital by Laura Untner. A reference to the project would be appreciated if you use or build on the scripts. You can also refer to »Laura Untner: From Wikidata to CIDOC CRM: A Use Case Scenario for Digital Comparative Literary Studies. In: Journal of Open Humanities Data 11 (2025), pp. 1–15, DOI: 10.5334/johd.421«, and use the DOI provided by Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17396141.

Requirements

You can install the package (and dependencies) directly:

pip install wiki2crm
# or from the repo root
# pip install .
# pip install -e .

Quick check:

wiki2crm --version
wiki2crm --help
wiki2crm --hello

To only install dependencies, run:

pip install rdflib requests tqdm pyshacl

Usage

All commands are available as wiki2crm <subcommand> or equivalently python3 -m wiki2crm <subcommand>.

If no --input / --output flags are given, the tools use the files in the examples folder as fallback defaults.

Commands

# explicit paths
wiki2crm authors \
  --input  path/to/authors.csv \
  --output path/to/authors.ttl

# fallback to examples
wiki2crm authors

# explicit paths
wiki2crm works \
  --input  path/to/works.csv \
  --output path/to/works.ttl

# fallback to examples
wiki2crm works

# explicit paths
wiki2crm relations \
  --input  path/to/works.csv \
  --output path/to/relations.ttl

# fallback to examples
wiki2crm relations

# explicit paths
wiki2crm merge \
  --authors   examples/outputs/authors.ttl \
  --works     examples/outputs/works.ttl \
  --relations examples/outputs/relations.ttl \
  --output    examples/outputs/all.ttl

# fallback to examples
wiki2crm merge

# explicit paths
wiki2crm map-align \
  --input  examples/outputs/all.ttl \
  --output examples/outputs/all_mapped-and-aligned.ttl

# fallback to examples
wiki2crm map-align

You can always run the same via python3 -m wiki2crm <subcommand> if you prefer.

Import

To use the package in your Python script, include:

from wiki2crm import authors, works, relations, merge, map_and_align

Then you can use, for example:

authors.main(["--input", "examples/inputs/authors.csv",
              "--output", "examples/outputs/authors.ttl"])

Validation

There are SHACL shapes for the authors, works, and relations modules. Validation of the corresponding Turtle files is performed within the Python scripts.

If you want to manually validate the Turtle files, you can use pySHACL:

pyshacl -s path/to/shape.ttl -d path/to/data.ttl --advanced --metashacl -f table

This will produce a report indicating whether the Turtle file is valid according to the provided SHACL shapes.

Note: The SHACL shapes make use of the Sappho Digital namespace. Please adapt this to your own namespace if necessary.

Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Bernhard Oberreither for feedback on the relations module, and Lisa Poggel for feedback on the Python workflow.

✍️ Authors Module (e/CRM)

The authors.py script reads a list of Wikidata QIDs for authors from a CSV file and creates RDF triples using CIDOC CRM (eCRM, mapped to CRM). It models:

E21_Person with:
- E82_Actor_Appellation (names, derived from labels)
- E42_Identifier (Wikidata QIDs, derived from given QIDs)
- E67_Birth and E69_Death events, linked to:
  - E53_Place (birth places, derived from wdt:P19, and death places, derived from wdt:P20)
  - E52_Time-Span (birth dates, derived from wdt:P569, and death dates, derived from wdt:P570)
- E55_Type (genders, derived from wdt:P21)
- E36_Visual_Item (visual representations) and E38_Image (image reference with Wikimedia seeAlso, derived from wdt:P18)

Overview

📎 A complete visual documentation of the authors data model is included in the docs folder.

Example Input

qids
Q469571

This is Anna Louisa Karsch.

Example Output

Namespace declarations and mappings to CRM are applied but not shown in this exemplary output.

<https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q469571> a ecrm:E21_Person ;
    rdfs:label "Anna Louisa Karsch"@en ;
    ecrm:P100i_died_in <https://sappho-digital.com/death/Q469571> ;
    ecrm:P131_is_identified_by <https://sappho-digital.com/appellation/Q469571> ;
    ecrm:P138i_has_representation <https://sappho-digital.com/visual_item/Q469571> ;
    ecrm:P1_is_identified_by <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q469571> ;
    ecrm:P2_has_type <https://sappho-digital.com/gender/Q6581072> ;
    ecrm:P98i_was_born <https://sappho-digital.com/birth/Q469571> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q469571> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/appellation/Q469571> a ecrm:E82_Actor_Appellation ;
    rdfs:label "Anna Louisa Karsch"@en ;
    ecrm:P131i_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q469571> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q469571> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q469571> a ecrm:E42_Identifier ;
    rdfs:label "Q469571" ;
    ecrm:P1i_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q469571> ;
    ecrm:P2_has_type <https://sappho-digital.com/id_type/wikidata> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/id_type/wikidata> a ecrm:E55_Type ;
    rdfs:label "Wikidata ID"@en ;
    ecrm:P2i_is_type_of <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q469571> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/birth/Q469571> a ecrm:E67_Birth ;
    rdfs:label "Birth of Anna Louisa Karsch"@en ;
    ecrm:P4_has_time-span <https://sappho-digital.com/timespan/17221201> ;
    ecrm:P7_took_place_at <https://sappho-digital.com/place/Q659063> ;
    ecrm:P98_brought_into_life <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q469571> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q469571> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/death/Q469571> a ecrm:E69_Death ;
    rdfs:label "Death of Anna Louisa Karsch"@en ;
    ecrm:P100_was_death_of <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q469571> ;
    ecrm:P4_has_time-span <https://sappho-digital.com/timespan/17911012> ;
    ecrm:P7_took_place_at <https://sappho-digital.com/place/Q64> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q469571> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/place/Q659063> a ecrm:E53_Place ;
    rdfs:label "Gmina Skąpe"@en ;
    ecrm:P7i_witnessed <https://sappho-digital.com/birth/Q469571> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q659063> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/place/Q64> a ecrm:E53_Place ;
    rdfs:label "Berlin"@en ;
    ecrm:P7i_witnessed <https://sappho-digital.com/death/Q469571> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q64> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/timespan/17221201> a ecrm:E52_Time-Span ;
    rdfs:label "1722-12-01"^^xsd:date ;
    ecrm:P4i_is_time-span_of <https://sappho-digital.com/birth/Q469571> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/timespan/17911012> a ecrm:E52_Time-Span ;
    rdfs:label "1791-10-12"^^xsd:date ;
    ecrm:P4i_is_time-span_of <https://sappho-digital.com/death/Q469571> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/gender/Q6581072> a ecrm:E55_Type ;
    rdfs:label "female"@en ;
    ecrm:P2_has_type <https://sappho-digital.com/gender_type/wikidata> ;
    ecrm:P2i_is_type_of <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q469571> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6581072> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/gender_type/wikidata> a ecrm:E55_Type ;
    rdfs:label "Wikidata Gender"@en ;
    ecrm:P2i_is_type_of <https://sappho-digital.com/gender/Q6581072> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/image/Q469571> a ecrm:E38_Image ;
    ecrm:P65_shows_visual_item <https://sappho-digital.com/visual_item/Q469571> ;
    rdfs:seeAlso <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karschin%20bild.JPG> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q469571> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/visual_item/Q469571> a ecrm:E36_Visual_Item ;
    rdfs:label "Visual representation of Anna Louisa Karsch"@en ;
    ecrm:P138_represents <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q469571> ;
    ecrm:P65i_is_shown_by <https://sappho-digital.com/image/Q469571> .

📚 Works Module (LRMoo/FRBRoo)

The works.py script reads a list of Wikidata QIDs for works from a CSV file and creates RDF triples using CIDOC CRM (eCRM, mapped to CRM) and LRMoo (mapped to FRBRoo). It models:

F1_Work (abstract works) and F27_Work_Creation with:
- E21_Person (authors, derived from wdt:P50, see authors module)
F2_Expression (realizations of abstract works) and F28_Expression_Creation with:
- E52_Time-Span (creation years, derived from wdt:P571 or wdt:P2754)
- E35_Title and E62_String (titles, derived from wdt:P1476 or labels)
- E42_Identifier (Wikidata QIDs, derived from given QIDs)
- E55_Type (genres, derived from wdt:P136)
- E73_Information_Object (digital surrogates, derived from wdt:P953)
F3_Manifestation (publications of expressions) and F30_Manifestation_Creation with:
- E21_Person (editors, derived from wdt:P98) with E82_Actor_Appellation (names, derived from labels)
- E35_Title and E62_String (titles, only different if the text is part of another text (wdt:P1433 or wdt:P361))
- E40_Legal_Body (publishers, derived from wdt:P123)
- E52_Time-Span (publication years, derived from wdt:P577)
- E53_Place (publication places, derived from wdt:P291)
F5_Item (specific copies of manifestations) and F32_Item_Production_Event

Translators are not modeled per default, but the data model can, of course, be extended or adapted accordingly.

Overview

📎 A complete visual documentation of the works data model is included in the docs folder.

Example Input

qids
Q1242002

(This is the tragedy Sappho written by Franz Grillparzer.)

Example Output

Namespace declarations and mappings to CRM, FRBRoo and eFRBRoo are applied but not shown in this exemplary output.

<https://sappho-digital.com/work_creation/Q1242002> a lrmoo:F27_Work_Creation ;
    rdfs:label "Work creation of Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P14_carried_out_by <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q154438> ;
    lrmoo:R16_created <https://sappho-digital.com/work/Q1242002> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/work/Q1242002> a lrmoo:F1_Work ;
    rdfs:label "Work of Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P14_carried_out_by <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q154438> ;
    lrmoo:R16i_was_created_by <https://sappho-digital.com/work_creation/Q1242002> ;
    lrmoo:R19i_was_realised_through <https://sappho-digital.com/expression_creation/Q1242002> ;
    lrmoo:R3_is_realised_in <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q154438> a ecrm:E21_Person ;
    rdfs:label "Franz Grillparzer" ;
    ecrm:P14i_performed <https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation_creation/Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/work_creation/Q1242002> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154438> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/expression_creation/Q1242002> a lrmoo:F28_Expression_Creation ;
    rdfs:label "Expression creation of Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P14_carried_out_by <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q154438> ;
    ecrm:P4_has_time-span <https://sappho-digital.com/timespan/1817> ;
    lrmoo:R17_created <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    lrmoo:R19_created_a_realisation_of <https://sappho-digital.com/work/Q1242002> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/timespan/1817> a ecrm:E52_Time-Span ;
    rdfs:label "1817"^^xsd:gYear ;
    ecrm:P4i_is_time-span_of <https://sappho-digital.com/expression_creation/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> a lrmoo:F2_Expression ;
    rdfs:label "Expression of Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P102_has_title <https://sappho-digital.com/title/expression/Q1242002> ;
    ecrm:P138i_has_representation <https://sappho-digital.com/digital/Q1242002> ;
    ecrm:P1_is_identified_by <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q1242002> ;
    ecrm:P2_has_type <https://sappho-digital.com/genre/Q80930> ;
    lrmoo:R17i_was_created_by <https://sappho-digital.com/expression_creation/Q1242002> ;
    lrmoo:R3i_realises <https://sappho-digital.com/work/Q1242002> ;
    lrmoo:R4i_is_embodied_in <https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation/Q1242002> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/title/expression/Q1242002> a ecrm:E35_Title ;
    ecrm:P102i_is_title_of <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    ecrm:P190_has_symbolic_content <https://sappho-digital.com/title_string/expression/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/title_string/expression/Q1242002> a ecrm:E62_String ;
    rdfs:label "Sappho"@de ;
    ecrm:P190i_is_content_of <https://sappho-digital.com/title/expression/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q1242002> a ecrm:E42_Identifier ;
    rdfs:label "Q1242002" ;
    ecrm:P1i_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    ecrm:P2_has_type <https://sappho-digital.com/id_type/wikidata> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/id_type/wikidata> a ecrm:E55_Type ;
    rdfs:label "Wikidata ID"@en ;
    ecrm:P2i_is_type_of <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q1242002> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43649390> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/genre/Q80930> a ecrm:E55_Type ;
    rdfs:label "tragedy"@en ;
    ecrm:P2_has_type <https://sappho-digital.com/genre_type/wikidata> ;
    ecrm:P2i_is_type_of <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q80930> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/genre_type/wikidata> a ecrm:E55_Type ;
    rdfs:label "Wikidata Genre"@en ;
    ecrm:P2i_is_type_of <https://sappho-digital.com/genre/Q80930> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/digital/Q1242002> a ecrm:E73_Information_Object ;
    rdfs:label "Digital copy of Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P138_represents <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    rdfs:seeAlso <http://www.zeno.org/nid/20004898184> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation_creation/Q1242002> a lrmoo:F30_Manifestation_Creation ;
    rdfs:label "Manifestation creation of Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P14_carried_out_by <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q154438>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/publisher/Q133849481> ;
    ecrm:P4_has_time-span <https://sappho-digital.com/timespan/1819> ;
    ecrm:P7_took_place_at <https://sappho-digital.com/place/Q1741> ;
    lrmoo:R24_created <https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation/Q1242002> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/publisher/Q133849481> a ecrm:E40_Legal_Body ;
    rdfs:label "Wallishausser’sche Buchhandlung"@en ;
    ecrm:P14i_performed <https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation_creation/Q1242002> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q133849481> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/timespan/1819> a ecrm:E52_Time-Span ;
    rdfs:label "1819"^^xsd:gYear ;
    ecrm:P4i_is_time-span_of <https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation_creation/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/place/Q1741> a ecrm:E53_Place ;
    rdfs:label "Vienna"@en ;
    ecrm:P7i_witnessed <https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation_creation/Q1242002> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1741> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation/Q1242002> a lrmoo:F3_Manifestation ;
    rdfs:label "Manifestation of Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P102_has_title <https://sappho-digital.com/title/manifestation/Q1242002> ;
    lrmoo:R24i_was_created_through <https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation_creation/Q1242002> ;
    lrmoo:R27i_was_materialized_by <https://sappho-digital.com/item_production/Q1242002> ;
    lrmoo:R4_embodies <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    lrmoo:R7i_is_exemplified_by <https://sappho-digital.com/item/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/title/manifestation/Q1242002> a ecrm:E35_Title ;
    ecrm:P102i_is_title_of <https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation/Q1242002> ;
    ecrm:P190_has_symbolic_content <https://sappho-digital.com/title_string/manifestation/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/title_string/manifestation/Q1242002> a ecrm:E62_String ;
    rdfs:label "Sappho"@de ;
    ecrm:P190i_is_content_of <https://sappho-digital.com/title/manifestation/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/item_production/Q1242002> a lrmoo:F32_Item_Production_Event ;
    rdfs:label "Item production event of Sappho"@en ;
    lrmoo:R27_materialized <https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation/Q1242002> ;
    lrmoo:R28_produced <https://sappho-digital.com/item/Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/item/Q1242002> a lrmoo:F5_Item ;
    rdfs:label "Item of Sappho"@en ;
    lrmoo:R28i_was_produced_by <https://sappho-digital.com/item_production/Q1242002> ;
    lrmoo:R7_exemplifies <https://sappho-digital.com/manifestation/Q1242002> .

🌐 Relations Module (INTRO)

The relations.py script reads a list of Wikidata QIDs for works from a CSV file and creates RDF triples using INTRO, CIDOC CRM (eCRM, mapped to CRM) and LRMoo (mapped to FRBRoo). It models:

Literary works (F2_Expression, see works module)
- linked to the Wikidata item via owl:sameAs
Intertextual relations (INT31_IntertextualRelation) between expressions
- with INT_Interpretation instances linked to the Wikidata items of the expressions via prov:wasDerivedFrom
- derived from actualizations, citations, and optionally wdt:P4969 (derivative work), wdt:P144 (based on), wdt:P5059 (modified version of) and wdt:P941 (inspired by)
References (INT18_Reference) for …
- persons: E21_Person with E42_Identifier, derived from wdt:P180 (depicts), wdt:P921 (main subject) and wdt:P527 (has part(s)) for wd:Q5 (human)
- places: E53_Place with E42_Identifier, derived from wdt:P921 (main subject) for wd:Q2221906 (geographical location)
- expressions: derived from wdt:P921 (main subject) for given QIDs
- with actualizations (INT2_ActualizationOfFeature) of these references in specific expressions
  - with INT_Interpretation linked to the Wikidata items of the expressions via prov:wasDerivedFrom
Citations via INT21_TextPassage instances
- linked to the expressions
- derived from wdt:P2860 (cites work) and wdt:P6166 (quotes work) for given QIDs
- linked to the citing Wikidata item via prov:wasDerivedFrom
Characters (INT_Character)
- linked to the Wikidata item via owl:sameAs and identified by E42_Identifier
- derived from wdt:P674 (characters) or wdt:P180 (depicts) and wdt:P921 (main subject) if the item is wd:Q3658341 (literary character) or wd:Q15632617 (fictional human)
- optionally linked to a real Person (E21_Person)
- always with actualizations (INT2_ActualizationOfFeature) of these characters in specific expressions
  - with INT_Interpretation linked to the Wikidata items of the expressions via prov:wasDerivedFrom
Motifs, Plots and Topics
- all linked to Wikidata items via owl:sameAs and identified by E42_Identifier
- INT_Motif: derived from wdt:P6962 (narrative motif)
- INT_Plot: derived from wdt:P921 (main subject) for wd:Q42109240 (stoff)
- INT_Topic: derived from wdt:P921 (main subject) for wd:Q26256810 (topic)
- with INT2_ActualizationOfFeature instances for specific expressions
  - with interpretations (INT_Interpretation) linked to the Wikidata items of the expressions via prov:wasDerivedFrom

Please note that subclasses and subproperties are also queried.

The current data model focuses exclusively on textual works, but—based on INTRO—it could be extended to cover intermedial and interpictorial aspects as well. It also only models intertextual relationships among the texts listed in the CSV file, i.e. it assumes you’re seeking intertexts of known works rather than exploring every possible intertext. Please also note that all searches are strictly one-way: Work → Phenomenon.

Overview

📎 A complete visual documentation of the relations data model is included in the docs folder.

Example Input

qids
Q1242002 # Franz Grillparzer’s "Sappho"
Q119292643 # Therese Rak’s "Sappho"
Q19179765 # Amalie von Imhoff’s "Die Schwestern von Lesbos"
Q120199245 # Adolph von Schaden’s "Die moderne Sappho"

Example Output

Namespace declarations and mappings to CRM, FRBRoo and eFRBRoo are applied but not shown in this exemplary output.

Please also note that the output is currently sparse because the relevant data in Wikidata is simply too limited. The script also remains fairly slow and should be tested (and possibly optimized) on larger data sets.

Further, it’s highly recommended to manually refine the generated triples afterward: INTRO provides very detailed means for recording literary-scholarly analyses as Linked Data, whereas this module captures only the basics.

# Expressions

<https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> a lrmoo:F2_Expression ;
    rdfs:label "Expression of Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P67i_is_referred_to_by <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/work_ref/Q1242002_Q119292643> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R18_showsActualization <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/motif/Q165_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/plot/Q134285870_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/topic/Q10737_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R30_hasTextPassage <https://sappho-digital.com/textpassage/Q1242002_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002>,
            <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q120199245_Q1242002>,
            <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q1242002_Q19179765> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q119292643> a lrmoo:F2_Expression ;
    rdfs:label "Expression of Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R18_showsActualization <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/motif/Q165_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/plot/Q134285870_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/topic/Q10737_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/work_ref/Q1242002_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R30_hasTextPassage <https://sappho-digital.com/textpassage/Q119292643_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q19179765> a lrmoo:F2_Expression ;
    rdfs:label "Expression of Die Schwestern von Lesbos"@en ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q19179765> ;
    intro:R18_showsActualization <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q19179765> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q1242002_Q19179765> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q120199245> a lrmoo:F2_Expression ;
    rdfs:label "Expression of Die moderne Sappho"@en ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q120199245> ;
    intro:R18_showsActualization <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q120199245> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q120199245_Q1242002> .

# Intertextual Relations

<https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q120199245_Q1242002> a intro:INT31_IntertextualRelation ;
    rdfs:label "Intertextual relation between Die moderne Sappho and Sappho"@en ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q120199245_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R22i_relationIsBasedOnSimilarity <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/character/Q17892> ;
    intro:R24_hasRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q120199245>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q120199245>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q120199245_Q1242002> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of intertextual relation between Die moderne Sappho and Sappho"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q120199245_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q120199245_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of intertextual relation between Die moderne Sappho and Sappho"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q120199245>,
        <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q120199245_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q120199245_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q1242002_Q19179765> a intro:INT31_IntertextualRelation ;
    rdfs:label "Intertextual relation between Sappho and Die Schwestern von Lesbos"@en ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q1242002_Q19179765> ;
    intro:R22i_relationIsBasedOnSimilarity <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/place_ref/Q128087> ;
    intro:R24_hasRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q19179765>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q19179765> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q1242002_Q19179765> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of intertextual relation between Sappho and Die Schwestern von Lesbos"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q1242002_Q19179765> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q1242002_Q19179765> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of intertextual relation between Sappho and Die Schwestern von Lesbos"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002>,
        <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q19179765> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q1242002_Q19179765> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q1242002_Q19179765> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> a intro:INT31_IntertextualRelation ;
    rdfs:label "Intertextual relation between Sappho and Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q119292643_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R22i_relationIsBasedOnSimilarity <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/motif/Q165>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/person_ref/Q17892>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/plot/Q134285870>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/topic/Q10737>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/work_ref/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R24_hasRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/motif/Q165_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/motif/Q165_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/plot/Q134285870_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/plot/Q134285870_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/topic/Q10737_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/topic/Q10737_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/work_ref/Q1242002_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/textpassage/Q119292643_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/textpassage/Q1242002_Q119292643> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q119292643_Q1242002> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of intertextual relation between Sappho and Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q119292643_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of intertextual relation between Sappho and Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q119292643>,
        <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q119292643_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

# Features & Actualizations

# Person References

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/person_ref/Q17892> a intro:INT18_Reference ;
    rdfs:label "Reference to Sappho (person)"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R22_providesSimilarityForRelation <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q17892> a ecrm:E21_Person ;
    rdfs:label "Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P1_is_identified_by <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q17892> ;
    ecrm:P67i_is_referred_to_by <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q120199245>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q1242002> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17892> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q17892> a ecrm:E42_Identifier ;
    rdfs:label "Q17892"@en ;
    ecrm:P1i_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/character/Q17892>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q17892> ;
    ecrm:P2_has_type <https://sappho-digital.com/id_type/wikidata> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17892> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q119292643> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Reference to Sappho in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    ecrm:P67_refers_to <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q17892> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/person_ref/Q17892> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q17892_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q17892_Q119292643> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q17892_Q119292643> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q17892_Q119292643> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q17892_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q119292643> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Reference to Sappho in Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P67_refers_to <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q17892> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/person_ref/Q17892> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q17892_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q17892_Q1242002> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho in Sappho"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q17892_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q17892_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho in Sappho"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q17892_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/person_ref/Q17892_Q1242002> .

# Place References

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/place_ref/Q128087> a intro:INT18_Reference ;
    rdfs:label "Reference to Lesbos (place)"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q19179765> ;
    intro:R22_providesSimilarityForRelation <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q1242002_Q19179765> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/place/Q128087> a ecrm:E53_Place ;
    rdfs:label "Lesbos"@en ;
    ecrm:P1_is_identified_by <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q128087> ;
    ecrm:P67i_is_referred_to_by <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q1242002>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q19179765> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q128087> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q128087> a ecrm:E42_Identifier ;
    rdfs:label "Q128087"@en ;
    ecrm:P1i_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/place/Q128087> ;
    ecrm:P2_has_type <https://sappho-digital.com/id_type/wikidata> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q128087> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Reference to Lesbos in Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P67_refers_to <https://sappho-digital.com/place/Q128087> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/place_ref/Q128087> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q128087_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q1242002_Q19179765> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q128087_Q1242002> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Lesbos in Sappho"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q128087_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q128087_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Lesbos in Sappho"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q128087_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q19179765> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Reference to Lesbos in Die Schwestern von Lesbos"@en ;
    ecrm:P67_refers_to <https://sappho-digital.com/place/Q128087> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/place_ref/Q128087> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q19179765> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q128087_Q19179765> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q1242002_Q19179765> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q128087_Q19179765> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Lesbos in Die Schwestern von Lesbos"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q128087_Q19179765> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q128087_Q19179765> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Lesbos in Die Schwestern von Lesbos"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q19179765> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q128087_Q19179765> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/place_ref/Q128087_Q19179765> .

# Expression References

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/work_ref/Q1242002> a intro:INT18_Reference ;
    rdfs:label "Reference to Sappho (expression)"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/work_ref/Q1242002_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R22_providesSimilarityForRelation <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/work_ref/Q1242002_Q119292643> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Reference to Sappho in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    ecrm:P67_refers_to <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/work_ref/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q1242002_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q1242002_Q119292643> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q1242002_Q119292643> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q1242002_Q119292643> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q1242002_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/work_ref/Q1242002_Q119292643> .

# Citations

<https://sappho-digital.com/textpassage/Q119292643_Q1242002> a intro:INT21_TextPassage ;
    rdfs:label "Text passage in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R30i_isTextPassageOf <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q119292643> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/textpassage/Q1242002_Q119292643> a intro:INT21_TextPassage ;
    rdfs:label "Text passage in Sappho"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R30i_isTextPassageOf <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> .

# Characters

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/character/Q17892> a intro:INT_Character ;
    rdfs:label "Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P1_is_identified_by <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q17892> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17892> ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q120199245>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R22_providesSimilarityForRelation <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q120199245_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q120199245> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Sappho in Die moderne Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P67_refers_to <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q17892> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/character/Q17892> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q120199245> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q17892_Q120199245> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q120199245_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q17892_Q120199245> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho in Die moderne Sappho"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q17892_Q120199245> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q17892_Q120199245> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho in Die moderne Sappho"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q120199245> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q17892_Q120199245> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q120199245> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/character/Q17892_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Sappho in Sappho"@en ;
    ecrm:P67_refers_to <https://sappho-digital.com/person/Q17892> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/character/Q17892> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q17892_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q120199245_Q1242002> .

# Motifs

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/motif/Q165> a intro:INT_Motif ;
    rdfs:label "sea (motif)"@en ;
    ecrm:P1_is_identified_by <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q165> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q165> ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/motif/Q165_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/motif/Q165_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R22_providesSimilarityForRelation <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q165> a ecrm:E42_Identifier ;
    rdfs:label "Q165"@en ;
    ecrm:P1i_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/motif/Q165> ;
    ecrm:P2_has_type <https://sappho-digital.com/id_type/wikidata> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q165> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/motif/Q165_Q119292643> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "sea in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/motif/Q165> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q165_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q165_Q119292643> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of sea in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q165_Q119292643> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q165_Q119292643> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of sea in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q165_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/motif/Q165_Q119292643> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/motif/Q165_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "sea in Sappho"@en ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/motif/Q165> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q165_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q165_Q1242002> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of sea in Sappho"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q165_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q165_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of sea in Sappho"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q165_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/motif/Q165_Q1242002> .

# Plots

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/plot/Q134285870> a intro:INT_Plot ;
    rdfs:label "Sappho’s Leap (plot)"@en ;
    ecrm:P1_is_identified_by <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q134285870> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q134285870> ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/plot/Q134285870_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/plot/Q134285870_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R22_providesSimilarityForRelation <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q134285870> a ecrm:E42_Identifier ;
    rdfs:label "Q134285870"@en ;
    ecrm:P1i_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/plot/Q134285870> ;
    ecrm:P2_has_type <https://sappho-digital.com/id_type/wikidata> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q134285870> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/plot/Q134285870_Q119292643> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Sappho’s Leap in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/plot/Q134285870> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q134285870_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q134285870_Q119292643> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho’s Leap in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q134285870_Q119292643> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q134285870_Q119292643> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho’s Leap in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q134285870_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/plot/Q134285870_Q119292643> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/plot/Q134285870_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Sappho’s Leap in Sappho"@en ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/plot/Q134285870> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q134285870_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q134285870_Q1242002> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho’s Leap in Sappho"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q134285870_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q134285870_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of Sappho’s Leap in Sappho"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q134285870_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/plot/Q134285870_Q1242002> .

# Topics

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/topic/Q10737> a intro:INT_Topic ;
    rdfs:label "suicide (topic)"@en ;
    ecrm:P1_is_identified_by <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q10737> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q10737> ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/topic/Q10737_Q119292643>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/topic/Q10737_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R22_providesSimilarityForRelation <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q10737> a ecrm:E42_Identifier ;
    rdfs:label "Q10737"@en ;
    ecrm:P1i_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/topic/Q10737> ;
    ecrm:P2_has_type <https://sappho-digital.com/id_type/wikidata> ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q10737> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/topic/Q10737_Q119292643> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "suicide in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/topic/Q10737> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q10737_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q10737_Q119292643> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of suicide in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q10737_Q119292643> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q10737_Q119292643> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of suicide in Sappho. Eine Novelle"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q119292643> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q10737_Q119292643> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/topic/Q10737_Q119292643> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/topic/Q10737_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "suicide in Sappho"@en ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/topic/Q10737> ;
    intro:R18i_actualizationFoundOn <https://sappho-digital.com/expression/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21i_isIdentifiedBy <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q10737_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R24i_isRelatedEntity <https://sappho-digital.com/relation/Q119292643_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q10737_Q1242002> a intro:INT_Interpretation ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of suicide in Sappho"@en ;
    intro:R17i_featureIsActualizedIn <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q10737_Q1242002> .

<https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/interpretation/Q10737_Q1242002> a intro:INT2_ActualizationOfFeature ;
    rdfs:label "Interpretation of suicide in Sappho"@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1242002> ;
    intro:R17_actualizesFeature <https://sappho-digital.com/feature/interpretation/Q10737_Q1242002> ;
    intro:R21_identifies <https://sappho-digital.com/actualization/topic/Q10737_Q1242002> .

# Wikidata ID

<https://sappho-digital.com/id_type/wikidata> a ecrm:E55_Type ;
    rdfs:label "Wikidata ID"@en ;
    ecrm:P2i_is_type_of <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q10737>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q128087>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q134285870>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q165>,
        <https://sappho-digital.com/identifier/Q17892> ;
    owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q43649390> .

🔩 Merge Module

Use this module to merge the outputted Turtle files and get one ontology that includes all information for authors, works and relations.

The Python script assumes that the Turtle files to be merged already exist, so you first have to run the other scripts.

🔍 Map and Align Module

Use this module to map and align the outputted Turtle files.

The Python script assumes that the Turtle files to be mapped and aligned already exist, so you first have to run the other scripts.

Identifiers added from:

Alignments with:

BIBO
CiTO
DC
DoCo
DraCor
FaBiO
FOAF
FRBRoo
GOLEM
Intertextuality Ontology
MiMoText
OntoPoetry/POSTDATA (core and analysis modules)
Schema.org
Ontology of Under-Represented Writers
Ontology of Under-Represented Books

The full alignment table can be found here.

Despite overlaps in content, various ontologies were not considered because they are hardly used, not publicly accessible, or outdated. These include: DanteSources, Hypermedia Dante Network, HyperHamlet, SAWS. Also, the alignments focus specifically on those classes and properties that are important for the relations module.

Project details

These details have not been verified by PyPI

License
- OSI Approved :: MIT License
Operating System
- OS Independent
Programming Language
- Python :: 3

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Feb 18, 2026

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Jan 12, 2026

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Jan 6, 2026

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Jan 6, 2026

0.1.3

Oct 7, 2025

0.1.2

Oct 7, 2025

0.1.1

Oct 7, 2025

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wiki2crm 1.0.2

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Wikidata to CIDOC CRM (wiki2crm)

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✍️ Authors Module (e/CRM)

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📚 Works Module (LRMoo/FRBRoo)

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🌐 Relations Module (INTRO)

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