albumentations 1.0.3

Fast image augmentation library and easy to use wrapper around other libraries

Albumentations

Albumentations is a Python library for image augmentation. Image augmentation is used in deep learning and computer vision tasks to increase the quality of trained models. The purpose of image augmentation is to create new training samples from the existing data.

Here is an example of how you can apply some augmentations from Albumentations to create new images from the original one:

Why Albumentations

• Albumentations supports all common computer vision tasks such as classification, semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, object detection, and pose estimation.
• The library provides a simple unified API to work with all data types: images (RBG-images, grayscale images, multispectral images), segmentation masks, bounding boxes, and keypoints.
• The library contains more than 70 different augmentations to generate new training samples from the existing data.
• Albumentations is fast. We benchmark each new release to ensure that augmentations provide maximum speed.
• It works with popular deep learning frameworks such as PyTorch and TensorFlow. By the way, Albumentations is a part of the PyTorch ecosystem.
• Written by experts. The authors have experience both working on production computer vision systems and participating in competitive machine learning. Many core team members are Kaggle Masters and Grandmasters.
• The library is widely used in industry, deep learning research, machine learning competitions, and open source projects.

Table of contents

• Authors
• Installation
• Documentation
• A simple example
• Getting started
  • I am new to image augmentation
  • I want to use Albumentations for the specific task such as classification or segmentation
  • I want to know how to use Albumentations with deep learning frameworks
  • I want to explore augmentations and see Albumentations in action
• Who is using Albumentations
• List of augmentations
  • Pixel-level transforms
  • Spatial-level transforms
• A few more examples of augmentations
• Benchmarking results
• Contributing
• Comments
• Citing

Authors

Alexander Buslaev — Computer Vision Engineer at Mapbox | Kaggle Master

Alex Parinov — Tech Lead at SberDevices | Kaggle Master

Vladimir I. Iglovikov — Staff Engineer at Lyft Level5 | Kaggle Grandmaster

Evegene Khvedchenya — Computer Vision Research Engineer at Piñata Farms | Kaggle Grandmaster

Mikhail Druzhinin — Computer Vision Engineer at ID R&D | Kaggle Expert

Installation

Albumentations requires Python 3.6 or higher. To install the latest version from PyPI:

pip install -U albumentations

Other installation options are described in the documentation.

Documentation

The full documentation is available at https://albumentations.ai/docs/.

A simple example

import albumentations as A
import cv2

# Declare an augmentation pipeline
transform = A.Compose([
    A.RandomCrop(width=256, height=256),
    A.HorizontalFlip(p=0.5),
    A.RandomBrightnessContrast(p=0.2),
])

# Read an image with OpenCV and convert it to the RGB colorspace
image = cv2.imread("image.jpg")
image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)

# Augment an image
transformed = transform(image=image)
transformed_image = transformed["image"]

Getting started

I am new to image augmentation

Please start with the introduction articles about why image augmentation is important and how it helps to build better models.

I want to use Albumentations for the specific task such as classification or segmentation

If you want to use Albumentations for a specific task such as classification, segmentation, or object detection, refer to the set of articles that has an in-depth description of this task. We also have a list of examples on applying Albumentations for different use cases.

I want to know how to use Albumentations with deep learning frameworks

We have examples of using Albumentations along with PyTorch and TensorFlow.

I want to explore augmentations and see Albumentations in action

Check the online demo of the library. With it, you can apply augmentations to different images and see the result. Also, we have a list of all available augmentations and their targets.

Who is using Albumentations

See also:

• A list of papers that cite Albumentations.
• A list of teams that were using Albumentations and took high places in machine learning competitions.
• Open source projects that use Albumentations.

List of augmentations

Pixel-level transforms

Pixel-level transforms will change just an input image and will leave any additional targets such as masks, bounding boxes, and keypoints unchanged. The list of pixel-level transforms:

• Blur
• CLAHE
• ChannelDropout
• ChannelShuffle
• ColorJitter
• Downscale
• Emboss
• Equalize
• FDA
• FancyPCA
• FromFloat
• GaussNoise
• GaussianBlur
• GlassBlur
• HistogramMatching
• HueSaturationValue
• ISONoise
• ImageCompression
• InvertImg
• MedianBlur
• MotionBlur
• MultiplicativeNoise
• Normalize
• Posterize
• RGBShift
• RandomBrightnessContrast
• RandomFog
• RandomGamma
• RandomRain
• RandomShadow
• RandomSnow
• RandomSunFlare
• RandomToneCurve
• Sharpen
• Solarize
• Superpixels
• ToFloat
• ToGray
• ToSepia

Spatial-level transforms

Spatial-level transforms will simultaneously change both an input image as well as additional targets such as masks, bounding boxes, and keypoints. The following table shows which additional targets are supported by each transform.

Transform	Image	Masks	BBoxes	Keypoints
Affine	✓	✓	✓	✓
CenterCrop	✓	✓	✓	✓
CoarseDropout	✓	✓
Crop	✓	✓	✓	✓
CropAndPad	✓	✓	✓	✓
CropNonEmptyMaskIfExists	✓	✓	✓	✓
ElasticTransform	✓	✓
Flip	✓	✓	✓	✓
GridDistortion	✓	✓
GridDropout	✓	✓
HorizontalFlip	✓	✓	✓	✓
Lambda	✓	✓	✓	✓
LongestMaxSize	✓	✓	✓	✓
MaskDropout	✓	✓
NoOp	✓	✓	✓	✓
OpticalDistortion	✓	✓
PadIfNeeded	✓	✓	✓	✓
Perspective	✓	✓	✓	✓
PiecewiseAffine	✓	✓	✓	✓
RandomCrop	✓	✓	✓	✓
RandomCropNearBBox	✓	✓	✓	✓
RandomGridShuffle	✓	✓
RandomResizedCrop	✓	✓	✓	✓
RandomRotate90	✓	✓	✓	✓
RandomScale	✓	✓	✓	✓
RandomSizedBBoxSafeCrop	✓	✓	✓
RandomSizedCrop	✓	✓	✓	✓
Resize	✓	✓	✓	✓
Rotate	✓	✓	✓	✓
SafeRotate	✓	✓	✓	✓
ShiftScaleRotate	✓	✓	✓	✓
SmallestMaxSize	✓	✓	✓	✓
Transpose	✓	✓	✓	✓
VerticalFlip	✓	✓	✓	✓

A few more examples of augmentations

Semantic segmentation on the Inria dataset

Medical imaging

Object detection and semantic segmentation on the Mapillary Vistas dataset

Keypoints augmentation

Benchmarking results

To run the benchmark yourself, follow the instructions in benchmark/README.md

Results for running the benchmark on the first 2000 images from the ImageNet validation set using an Intel Xeon E5-2650 v4. All outputs are converted to a contiguous NumPy array with the np.uint8 data type. The table shows how many images per second can be processed on a single core; higher is better.

	albumentations 1.0.0	imgaug 0.4.0	torchvision (Pillow-SIMD backend) 0.9.1	keras 2.4.3	augmentor 0.2.8	solt 0.1.9
HorizontalFlip	6244	2281	2208	774	2201	4334
VerticalFlip	5443	2265	1910	5297	1945	3857
Rotate	340	261	146	24	55	311
ShiftScaleRotate	566	372	129	24	-	-
Brightness	2333	1065	370	197	366	1929
Contrast	2352	1098	307	-	306	1950
BrightnessContrast	2331	613	170	-	169	998
ShiftRGB	2320	1059	-	320	-	-
ShiftHSV	474	254	55	-	-	122
Gamma	2347	-	331	-	-	815
Grayscale	3757	368	608	-	901	974
RandomCrop64	149449	2750	32824	-	27683	14356
PadToSize512	3460	-	528	-	-	2796
Resize512	910	568	889	-	872	906
RandomSizedCrop_64_512	2276	781	1345	-	1303	1935
Posterize	2353	-	-	-	-	-
Solarize	2366	-	-	-	-	-
Equalize	558	386	-	-	671	-
Multiply	2237	1149	-	-	-	-
MultiplyElementwise	97	177	-	-	-	-
ColorJitter	290	69	52	-	-	-

Python and library versions: Python 3.9.5 (default, May 12 2021, 15:26:36) [GCC 8.3.0], numpy 1.19.5, pillow-simd 7.0.0.post3, opencv-python 4.5.2.52, scikit-image 0.18.1, scipy 1.6.3.

Contributing

To create a pull request to the repository, follow the documentation at https://albumentations.ai/docs/contributing/

Comments

In some systems, in the multiple GPU regime, PyTorch may deadlock the DataLoader if OpenCV was compiled with OpenCL optimizations. Adding the following two lines before the library import may help. For more details https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/1355

cv2.setNumThreads(0)
cv2.ocl.setUseOpenCL(False)

Citing

If you find this library useful for your research, please consider citing Albumentations: Fast and Flexible Image Augmentations:

@Article{info11020125,
    AUTHOR = {Buslaev, Alexander and Iglovikov, Vladimir I. and Khvedchenya, Eugene and Parinov, Alex and Druzhinin, Mikhail and Kalinin, Alexandr A.},
    TITLE = {Albumentations: Fast and Flexible Image Augmentations},
    JOURNAL = {Information},
    VOLUME = {11},
    YEAR = {2020},
    NUMBER = {2},
    ARTICLE-NUMBER = {125},
    URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/125},
    ISSN = {2078-2489},
    DOI = {10.3390/info11020125}
}