blendpy 25.3.1

Blendpy uses atomistic simulations with ASE calculators to compute alloy properties like enthalpy of mixing. It supports binary and multicomponent systems, including alloys and pseudoalloys.

blendpy

Blendpy uses atomistic simulations with ASE calculators to compute alloy properties like enthalpy of mixing. It supports binary and multicomponent systems, including alloys and pseudoalloys.

Installation

Install blendpy easily using pip, Python’s package manager:

$ pip install blendpy

Getting started

First, import the necessary modules from ASE and MACE:

from ase.io import write
from ase.build import bulk
from ase.optimize import BFGSLineSearch
from ase.filters import UnitCellFilter

Next, create Atoms objects for gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) using the bulk function:

# Create Au and Pt Atoms object
gold = bulk("Au", cubic=True)
platinum = bulk("Pt", cubic=True)

Create a MACE calculator object to optimize the structures:

# Initialize the MACE calculator
from mace.calculators import mace_mp
calc_mace = mace_mp(model="small",
                    dispersion=False,
                    default_dtype="float32",
                    device='cpu')

Assign the calculator to the Atoms objects:

# Assign the calculator to the Atoms objects
gold.calc = calc_mace
platinum.calc = calc_mace

Optimize the unit cells of Au and Pt using the BFGSLineSearch optimizer:

# Optimize Au and Pt unit cells
optimizer_gold = BFGSLineSearch(UnitCellFilter(gold))
optimizer_platinum = BFGSLineSearch(UnitCellFilter(platinum))
optimizer_gold.run(fmax=0.01)
optimizer_platinum.run(fmax=0.01)

Save the optimized unit cells to CIF files:

# Save the optimized unit cells for Au and Pt
write("Au.cif", gold)
write("Pt.cif", platinum)

Now, import the DSIModel from blendpy and create a DSIModel object using the optimized structures:

from blendpy import DSIModel

# Create a DSIModel object
blendpy = DSIModel(alloy_components = ['Au.cif', 'Pt.cif'],
                   supercell = [2,2,2],
                   calculator=calc_mace)

Optimize the structures within the DSIModel object:

# Optimize the structures
blendpy.optimize(method=BFGSLineSearch, fmax=0.01)

Calculate the enthalpy of mixing for the AuPt alloy:

# Calculate the enthalpy of mixing
enthalpy_of_mixing = blendpy.get_enthalpy_of_mixing(npoints=101)

Plotting the enthalpy of mixing

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1, figsize=(5,5))

x = np.linspace(0, 1, 101)
ax.set_xlabel("$x$", fontsize=20)
ax.set_ylabel("$\Delta H_{mix}$ (kJ/mol)", fontsize=20)
ax.set_xlim(0,1)
ax.set_ylim(-7,7)
ax.set_xticks(np.linspace(0,1,6))
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(-6,7,2))
ax.plot(x, enthalpy_of_mixing, color='#d53e4f', linewidth=3, label="Au$_{1-x}$Pt$_{x}$")
ax.legend(loc="best", fontsize=20)

ax.tick_params(direction='in', axis='both', which='major', labelsize=20, width=3, length=8)
ax.set_box_aspect(1)
for spine in ax.spines.values():
    spine.set_linewidth(3)

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

Figure 1 - Enthalpy of mixing for the AuPt alloy calculated with DSI model and MACE interatomic potentials.

Spinodal decomposition curve

# TODO: Add code to calculate and plot the spinodal decomposition curve

Phase diagram

# TODO: Add code to calculate and plot the phase diagram

License

This is an open source code under MIT License.

Acknowledgements

We thank financial support from FAPESP (Grant No. 2022/14549-3), INCT Materials Informatics (Grant No. 406447/2022-5), and CNPq (Grant No. 311324/2020-7).