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Package Extensions

Cpyte supports a package extension system that allows packages to extend the compiler with custom keywords, operators, and compiler hooks. Packages can provide:

  • Custom Keywords: Add new language keywords via package.json
  • Custom Operators: Define new operators for syntax extensions
  • Compiler Hooks: Extend lexing, parsing, semantic analysis, and code generation
  • Runtime Extensions: Add runtime code and libraries

Package Structure

Packages are stored in .cpm/modules/package_name/version/ and can include:

  • package.json - Extension manifest declaring capabilities
  • parser_hooks.py - Custom syntax extensions
  • semantic_hooks.py - Custom type checking and analysis rules
  • codegen_hooks.py - Custom LLVM IR generation
  • runtime_hooks.py - Runtime code and libraries
  • *.cpy - Main package entry point
  • *.ll - Prebuilt LLVM IR

Example Package

See examples/example_package/ for a complete example package with:

  • Custom keywords: async, await, defer
  • Custom operator: ~~
  • Parser, semantic, codegen, and runtime hooks

Using Extension Packages

import @package_name

# Use custom keywords and syntax from the package
async def my_function() -> Promise:
    # Custom syntax
    defer cleanup()
    return result

Examples

You'll find comprehensive examples in the examples/ directory that cover C imports, header imports, 64-bit support, and standard library usage:

File Description
examples/c_import_example.cpy Importing and calling functions from C source files
examples/example_math.c C source with math utility functions for the C import example
examples/h_import_example.cpy Importing functions declared in C header files
examples/example_functions.h / example_functions.c Header and implementation for the H import example
examples/64bit_example.cpy Comprehensive int64/uint64 arithmetic, hex literals, type promotion
examples/c_library_imports.cpy Using built-in C libraries (stdio, stdlib, math, string, time)
examples/mixed_features.cpy Combines C imports, H imports, 64-bit, structs, pointers, linked lists
examples/mixed_helpers.c / mixed_helpers.h Supporting C/header files for the mixed features example
examples/test.cpy macOS event tap example that intercepts keyboard events using ApplicationServices framework
examples/example_package/ Example package demonstrating extension capabilities with custom keywords, operators, and compiler hooks

You can also import .cpy files — the examples show how to use import "other.cpy" to bring in public functions and structs from other Cpy files.

Run any example with:

cpy examples/<filename>.cpy

Note

Cpyte is experimental software. The compiler is continuously tested with fuzzing and a regression corpus, and every release is published to PyPI and Gitea.

Memory Management

Cpyte uses a concurrent tri-color garbage collector for automatic memory management. Heap-allocated objects (via new) are managed automatically — no manual free needed.

Note: The collector adds a small runtime overhead (~5-10%) compared to manual malloc/free. For performance-critical ecosystem projects or embedded use cases, this trade-off may be significant. The GC is required for safety but will slow down programs that do heavy heap allocation.

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