langchain-middleware-stack 0.1.1

Declarative middleware ordering via slug-based DAG resolution for LangChain and beyond

langchain-middleware-stack

Declarative middleware ordering for LangChain Deep Agents using stable slug-based DAG resolution.

PyPI · License

Docs: Deep Agents middleware · Community issue draft

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Why

In LangChain Deep Agents, middleware is a first-class control layer over model calls, tools, and state. The framework still composes it as a positional middleware=[...] list on create_agent. In that model, ordering is semantics: the first entry is the outermost wrapper (for example around wrap_model_call), so reordering changes retries, timeouts, logging, and policy in non-obvious ways.

The underlying issue is not middleware itself — it is that composition is positional instead of declarative. That breaks down in production because:

• Fragility — Inserting or reordering entries changes behavior; constraints like “after logging, before retry” are not declared on the middleware type.
• Poor composability — Separate teams or packages cannot merge contributions without one owner of the final list and implicit coordination.
• Hidden coupling — Dependencies are expressed as indices, not as explicit, reviewable constraints.
• No validated guarantees — Ordering invariants and dependency relationships are not enforced before runtime.

**langchain-middleware-stack** addresses this with constraint-based composition (DAG + topological sort, stable Kahn tie-break). You declare intent with four primitives:

Primitive	Role
slug	Stable, unique identity for each middleware
after / before	Self-declared ordering constraints
MiddlewareStack	Topological resolver (Kahn's algorithm, stable tie-break)
wires	Cross-middleware attribute injection at resolve-time

Installation

pip install langchain-middleware-stack

Zero runtime dependencies. Python ≥ 3.9.

Demo notebook

[notebooks/deep-agents-middleware.ipynb](notebooks/deep-agents-middleware.ipynb) walks through baseline vs improved, both using a real [ChatOpenAI](https://python.langchain.com/docs/integrations/chat/openai/) model (OPENAI_API_KEY required for those cells):

Baseline	[create_agent](https://reference.langchain.com/python/langchain/agents/create_agent) with a manually ordered middleware=[...] list.
Improved	The same middleware types added to a MiddlewareStack in scrambled order; resolve() produces the LangChain list (outermost first), then create_agent uses that list.

Appendices at the end: an offline wrap(handler) toy stack and optional LangChain FakeListChatModel — not the main teaching path.

make notebook   # from a dev setup with `make setup`

Quick start

from langchain_middleware_stack import MiddlewareStack
from langchain_middleware_stack.middleware import LoggingMiddleware, RetryMiddleware

stack = MiddlewareStack()
stack.add([RetryMiddleware(max_retries=3), LoggingMiddleware()])
# or: stack.add(RetryMiddleware(...)).add(LoggingMiddleware())
ordered = stack.resolve()
# -> [LoggingMiddleware, RetryMiddleware]
# retry.after=("logging",) reordered — every retry is logged

Writing your own middleware

from typing import ClassVar
from langchain_middleware_stack import BaseMiddleware

class TracingMiddleware(BaseMiddleware):
    slug: ClassVar[str] = "tracing"
    after: ClassVar[tuple[str, ...]] = ("logging",)  # run after logging

    def wrap(self, handler, *args, **kwargs):
        with tracer.start_span(handler.__name__):
            return handler(*args, **kwargs)

    async def awrap(self, handler, *args, **kwargs):
        with tracer.start_span(handler.__name__):
            return await handler(*args, **kwargs)

BaseMiddleware is a mixin — use it with LangChain's AgentMiddleware when you pass middleware into create_agent. Subclasses must implement the agent hooks you need (typically wrap_model_call); declare tools (often ()) on the class.

from typing import ClassVar

from langchain.agents.middleware import AgentMiddleware
from langchain_middleware_stack import BaseMiddleware

class MyMiddleware(AgentMiddleware, BaseMiddleware):
    slug: ClassVar[str] = "my-middleware"
    tools: ClassVar[tuple] = ()

    def wrap_model_call(self, request, handler):
        # intercept model calls; delegate with handler(request)
        return handler(request)

The notebook uses this pattern end-to-end for the baseline and improved scenarios.

Cross-middleware wiring

wires injects an attribute from a resolved upstream middleware into your middleware at stack build time:

class ConsumerMiddleware(BaseMiddleware):
    slug: ClassVar[str] = "consumer"
    after: ClassVar[tuple[str, ...]] = ("provider",)
    wires: ClassVar[dict[str, tuple[str, str]]] = {
        "_shared_fn": ("provider", "exported_fn")
    }
    # _shared_fn is injected from provider.exported_fn after resolve()

Error reference

Exception	Raised when
MiddlewareResolutionError	Base class for all stack build errors
MiddlewareCycleError	Dependency graph contains a cycle
MiddlewareDuplicateSlugError	Two middleware share the same slug
MiddlewareWiringError	Cross-middleware wiring fails
RetryExhaustedError	RetryMiddleware runs out of attempts

LangChain upstream and community PRs

Relevant work in langchain-ai/langchain (not an exhaustive list):

PR	Status	Topic
#32828	merged	AgentMiddleware and middleware= on create_agent
#34514	open	declarative depends-on between middleware and topological ordering

This package is a standalone resolver you can use with the current harness; how much overlaps with #34514 if it merges is an integration detail for later. A maintainer-facing draft lives in docs/github-issue-langchain-community.md (fill before opening a tracking issue).

License

Apache-2.0

Author

João Gabriel Lima — LinkedIn · [e-mail] · jambu.ai