py-aiger 8.1.0

A python library for manipulating sequential and-inverter gates.

pyAiger: A python library for manipulating sequential and combinatorial circuits.

Table of Contents

• About PyAiger
• Installation
• Development workflow
• Boolean Expression DSL
• Sequential Circuit DSL
  • Sequential composition
  • Parallel composition
  • Circuits with Latches/Feedback/Delay
  • Relabeling
  • Evaluation
  • Useful circuits
• Extra
• Ecosystem
• Related Projects
• Citing

About PyAiger

1. Q: How is Py-Aiger pronounced? A: Like "pie" + "grrr".
2. Q: Why python? Aren't you worried about performance?! A: No. The goals of this library are ease of use and hackability.
3. Q: No, I'm really concerned about performance! A: This library is not suited to implement logic solvers. For everything else, such as the creation and manipulation of circuits with many thousands of gates in between solver calls, the library is really fast enough.
4. Q: Where does the name come from? A: Aiger is a popular circuit format. The format is used in hardware model checking, synthesis, and is supported by ABC. The name is a combination of AIG (standing for And-Inverter-Graph) and the mountain Eiger.

Installation

If you just need to use aiger, you can just run:

$ pip install py-aiger

For developers, see the Development workflow section below.

Development workflow

Development uses uv for reproducible dependency and workspace management.

$ uv install

Commit the resulting uv.lock whenever dependencies change, and use uv run <command> for recurring tasks such as:

$ uv run pytest

In a Nix shell give uv access to the locked environment via:

nix develop --command bash -c "uv run pytest"

Updating the changelog

Commitizen is bundled in the Nix dev shell so cz bump is available inside the locked environment. Run:

$ cz bump

Usage

Commands shown here assume you're executing Python through uv run (e.g., uv run python or via nix develop --command bash -c "uv run python") so the locked dependencies are used.

import aiger

x, y, z, w = aiger.atoms('x', 'y', 'z', 'w')

expr1 = z.implies(x & y)
expr2 = z & w

circ1 = expr1.with_output('z') \      # Get AIG for expr1 with output 'z'.
             .aig
circ2 = circ1 >> circ2                # Feed outputs of circ1 into circ2.

Boolean Expression DSL

While powerful, when writing combinatorial circuits, the Sequential Circuit DSL can be somewhat clumsy. For this common usecase, we have developed the Boolean Expression DSL. All circuits generated this way have a single output.

import aiger
x, y, z = aiger.atoms('x', 'y', 'z')
expr1 = x & y  # circuit with inputs 'x', 'y' and 1 output computing x AND y.
expr2 = x | y  # logical or.
expr3 = x ^ y  # logical xor.
expr4 = x == y  # logical ==, xnor.
expr5 = x.implies(y)
expr6 = ~x  # logical negation.
expr7 = aiger.ite(x, y, z)  # if x then y else z.

# Atoms can be constants.
expr8 = x & True  # Equivalent to just x.
expr9 = x & False # Equivalent to const False.

# Specifying output name of boolean expression.
# - Output is a long uuid otherwise.
expr10 = expr5.with_output('x_implies_y')
assert expr10.output == 'x_implies_y'

# And you can inspect the AIG if needed.
circ = x.aig

# And of course, you can get a BoolExpr from a single output aig.
expr10 = aiger.BoolExpr(circ)

Sequential Circuit DSL

import aiger
from aiger import utils

# Parser for ascii AIGER format.
aig1 = aiger.load(path_to_aig1_file.aag)
aig2 = aiger.load(path_to_aig2_file.aag)

Sequential composition

aig3 = aig1 >> aig2

Parallel composition

aig4 = aig1 | aig2

Circuits with Latches and Delayed Feedback

Sometimes one requires some outputs to be feed back into the circuits as time delayed inputs. This can be accomplished using the loopback method. This method takes in a variable number of dictionaries encoding how to wire an input to an output. The wiring dictionaries with the following keys and default values:

Key	Default	Meaning
input		Input port
output		Output port
latch	input	Latch name
init	True	Initial latch value
keep_output	True	Keep loopbacked output as output

# Connect output y to input x with delay, initialized to True.
# (Default initialization is False.)
aig5 = aig1.loopback({
  "input": "x", "output": "y",
})

aig6 = aig1.loopback({
  "input": "x", "output": "y",
}, {
  "input": "z", "output": "z", "latch": "z_latch",
  "init": False, "keep_outputs": False
})

Relabeling

There are two syntaxes for relabeling. The first uses indexing syntax in a nod to notation often used variable substition in math.

The syntax is the relabel method, which is preferable when one wants to be explicit, even for those not familar with py-aiger.

# Relabel input 'x' to 'z'.
aig1['i', {'x': 'z'}]
aig1.relabel('input', {'x': 'z'})

# Relabel output 'y' to 'w'.
aig1['o', {'y': 'w'}]
aig1.relabel('output', {'y': 'w'})

# Relabel latches 'l1' to 'l2'.
aig1['l', {'l1': 'l2'}]
aig1.relabel('latch', {'l1': 'l2'})

Evaluation

# Combinatoric evaluation.
aig3(inputs={'x':True, 'y':False})

# Sequential evaluation.
sim = aig3.simulate([{'x': 0, 'y': 0}, 
                    {'x': 1, 'y': 2},
                    {'x': 3, 'y': 4}])

# Simulation Coroutine
sim = aig3.simulator()  # Coroutine
next(sim)  # Initialize
print(sim.send({'x': 0, 'y': 0}))
print(sim.send({'x': 1, 'y': 2}))
print(sim.send({'x': 3, 'y': 4}))


# Unroll
aig4 = aig3.unroll(steps=10, init=True)

Useful circuits

# Fix input x to be False.
aig4 = aiger.source({'x': False}) >> aig3

# Remove output y. 
aig4 = aig3 >> aiger.sink(['y'])

# Create duplicate w of output y.
aig4 = aig3 >> aiger.tee({'y': ['y', 'w']})

Extra

aiger.common.eval_order(aig1)  # Returns topological ordering of circuit gates.

# Convert object into an AIG from multiple formats including BoolExpr, AIG, str, and filepaths.
aiger.to_aig(aig1)

Ecosystem

Stable

• py-aiger-bv: Extension of pyAiger for manipulating sequential bitvector circuits.
• py-aiger-cnf: BoolExpr to Object representing CNF. Mostly used for interfacing with py-aiger-sat.
• py-aiger-past-ltl: Converts Past Linear Temporal Logic to aiger circuits.
• py-aiger-coins: Library for creating circuits that encode discrete distributions.
• py-aiger-sat: Bridge between py-aiger and py-sat.
• py-aiger-bdd: Aiger <-> BDD bridge.
• py-aiger-gridworld: Create aiger circuits representing gridworlds.
• py-aiger-dfa: Convert between finite automata and sequential circuits.

Underdevelopment

• py-aiger-spectral: A tool for performing (Fourier) Analysis of Boolean Functions.
• py-aiger-abc: Aiger and abc bridge.

Related Projects

• pyAig: Another python library for working with AIGER circuits.