Skip to main content

Python HTTP for Humans.

Project description

Requests is an ISC Licensed HTTP library, written in Python, for human beings.

Most existing Python modules for sending HTTP requests are extremely verbose and cumbersome. Python’s builtin urllib2 module provides most of the HTTP capabilities you should need, but the api is thoroughly broken. It requires an enormous amount of work (even method overrides) to perform the simplest of tasks.

Things shouldn’t be this way. Not in Python.

>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com', auth=('user', 'pass'))
>>> r.status_code
204
>>> r.headers['content-type']
'application/json'
>>> r.content
...

See the same code, without Requests.

Requests allow you to send HEAD, GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE HTTP requests. You can add headers, form data, multipart files, and parameters with simple Python dictionaries, and access the response data in the same way. It’s powered by httplib, but it does all the hard work and crazy hacks for you.

Features

  • Browser standard SSL verification.

  • Extremely simple HEAD, GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE Requests.

  • Gevent support for Asyncronous Requests.

  • Sessions with cookie persistence.

  • Basic, Digest, and Custom Authentication support.

  • Automatic form-encoding of dictionaries

  • A simple dictionary interface for request/response cookies.

  • Multipart file uploads.

  • Automatc decoding of Unicode, gzip, and deflate responses.

  • Full support for unicode URLs and domain names.

Usage

It couldn’t be simpler:

>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('http://google.com')

HTTPS? Basic Authentication?

>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.ep.io/basic-auth/user/pass')
>>> r.status_code
401

Uh oh, we’re not authorized! Let’s add authentication.

>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.ep.io/basic-auth/user/pass', auth=('user', 'pass'))

>>> r.status_code
200

>>> r.headers['content-type']
'application/json'

>>> r.content
'{"authenticated": true, "user": "user"}'

Installation

To install requests, simply:

$ pip install requests

Or, if you absolutely must:

$ easy_install requests

But, you really shouldn’t do that.

Contribute

  1. Check for open issues or open a fresh issue to start a discussion around a feature idea or a bug. There is a Contributor Friendly tag for issues that should be ideal for people who are not very familiar with the codebase yet.

  2. Fork the repository on Github to start making your changes to the develop branch (or branch off of it).

  3. Write a test which shows that the bug was fixed or that the feature works as expected.

  4. Send a pull request and bug the maintainer until it gets merged and published. :) Make sure to add yourself to AUTHORS.

History

0.9.1 (2012-01-06)

  • danger_mode for automatic Response.raise_for_status()

  • Response.iter_lines refator

0.9.0 (2011-12-28)

  • verify ssl is default.

0.8.9 (2011-12-28)

  • Packaging fix.

0.8.8 (2011-12-28)

  • SSL CERT VERIFICATION!

  • Release of Cerifi: Mozilla’s cert list.

  • New ‘verify’ argument for SSL requests.

  • Urllib3 update.

0.8.7 (2011-12-24)

  • iter_lines last-line truncation fix

  • Force safe_mode for async requests

  • Handle safe_mode exceptions more consistently

  • Fix iteration on null responses in safe_mode

0.8.6 (2011-12-18)

  • Socket timeout fixes.

  • Proxy Authorization support.

0.8.5 (2011-12-14)

  • Response.iter_lines!

0.8.4 (2011-12-11)

  • Prefetch bugfix.

  • Added license to installed version.

0.8.3 (2011-11-27)

  • Converted auth system to use simpler callable objects.

  • New session parameter to API methods.

  • Display full URL while logging.

0.8.2 (2011-11-19)

  • New unicode decoding system, based on overridable Response.encoding.

  • Proper URL slash-quote handling.

  • Cookies with [, ], and _ allowed.

0.8.1 (2011-11-15)

  • URL Request path fix

  • Proxy fix.

  • Timeouts fix.

0.8.0 (2011-11-13)

  • Keep-alive support!

  • Complete removal of Urllib2

  • Complete removal of Poster

  • Complete removal of CookieJars

  • New ConnectionError raising

  • Safe_mode for error catching

  • prefetch parameter for request methods

  • OPTION method

  • Async pool size throttling

  • File uploads send real names

0.7.6 (2011-11-07)

  • Digest authentication bugfix (attach query data to path)

0.7.5 (2011-11-04)

  • Response.content = None if there was an invalid repsonse.

  • Redirection auth handling.

0.7.4 (2011-10-26)

  • Sesion Hooks fix.

0.7.3 (2011-10-23)

  • Digest Auth fix.

0.7.2 (2011-10-23)

  • PATCH Fix.

0.7.1 (2011-10-23)

  • Move away from urllib2 authentication handling.

  • Fully Remove AuthManager, AuthObject, &c.

  • New tuple-based auth system with handler callbacks.

0.7.0 (2011-10-22)

  • Sessions are now the primary interface.

  • Deprecated InvalidMethodException.

  • PATCH fix.

  • New config system (no more global settings).

0.6.6 (2011-10-19)

  • Session parameter bugfix (params merging).

0.6.5 (2011-10-18)

  • Offline (fast) test suite.

  • Session dictionary argument merging.

0.6.4 (2011-10-13)

  • Automatic decoding of unicode, based on HTTP Headers.

  • New decode_unicode setting.

  • Removal of r.read/close methods.

  • New r.faw interface for advanced response usage.*

  • Automatic expansion of parameterized headers.

0.6.3 (2011-10-13)

  • Beautiful requests.async module, for making async requests w/ gevent.

0.6.2 (2011-10-09)

  • GET/HEAD obeys allow_redirects=False.

0.6.1 (2011-08-20)

  • Enhanced status codes experience \o/

  • Set a maximum number of redirects (settings.max_redirects)

  • Full Unicode URL support

  • Support for protocol-less redirects.

  • Allow for arbitrary request types.

  • Bugfixes

0.6.0 (2011-08-17)

  • New callback hook system

  • New persistient sessions object and context manager

  • Transparent Dict-cookie handling

  • Status code reference object

  • Removed Response.cached

  • Added Response.request

  • All args are kwargs

  • Relative redirect support

  • HTTPError handling improvements

  • Improved https testing

  • Bugfixes

0.5.1 (2011-07-23)

  • International Domain Name Support!

  • Access headers without fetching entire body (read())

  • Use lists as dicts for parameters

  • Add Forced Basic Authentication

  • Forced Basic is default authentication type

  • python-requests.org default User-Agent header

  • CaseInsensitiveDict lower-case caching

  • Response.history bugfix

0.5.0 (2011-06-21)

  • PATCH Support

  • Support for Proxies

  • HTTPBin Test Suite

  • Redirect Fixes

  • settings.verbose stream writing

  • Querystrings for all methods

  • URLErrors (Connection Refused, Timeout, Invalid URLs) are treated as explicity raised r.requests.get('hwe://blah'); r.raise_for_status()

0.4.1 (2011-05-22)

  • Improved Redirection Handling

  • New ‘allow_redirects’ param for following non-GET/HEAD Redirects

  • Settings module refactoring

0.4.0 (2011-05-15)

  • Response.history: list of redirected responses

  • Case-Insensitive Header Dictionaries!

  • Unicode URLs

0.3.4 (2011-05-14)

  • Urllib2 HTTPAuthentication Recursion fix (Basic/Digest)

  • Internal Refactor

  • Bytes data upload Bugfix

0.3.3 (2011-05-12)

  • Request timeouts

  • Unicode url-encoded data

  • Settings context manager and module

0.3.2 (2011-04-15)

  • Automatic Decompression of GZip Encoded Content

  • AutoAuth Support for Tupled HTTP Auth

0.3.1 (2011-04-01)

  • Cookie Changes

  • Response.read()

  • Poster fix

0.3.0 (2011-02-25)

  • Automatic Authentication API Change

  • Smarter Query URL Parameterization

  • Allow file uploads and POST data together

  • New Authentication Manager System
    • Simpler Basic HTTP System

    • Supports all build-in urllib2 Auths

    • Allows for custom Auth Handlers

0.2.4 (2011-02-19)

  • Python 2.5 Support

  • PyPy-c v1.4 Support

  • Auto-Authentication tests

  • Improved Request object constructor

0.2.3 (2011-02-15)

  • New HTTPHandling Methods
    • Reponse.__nonzero__ (false if bad HTTP Status)

    • Response.ok (True if expected HTTP Status)

    • Response.error (Logged HTTPError if bad HTTP Status)

    • Reponse.raise_for_status() (Raises stored HTTPError)

0.2.2 (2011-02-14)

  • Still handles request in the event of an HTTPError. (Issue #2)

  • Eventlet and Gevent Monkeypatch support.

  • Cookie Support (Issue #1)

0.2.1 (2011-02-14)

  • Added file attribute to POST and PUT requests for multipart-encode file uploads.

  • Added Request.url attribute for context and redirects

0.2.0 (2011-02-14)

  • Birth!

0.0.1 (2011-02-13)

  • Frustration

  • Conception

Project details


Release history Release notifications | RSS feed

This version

0.9.1

Download files

Download the file for your platform. If you're not sure which to choose, learn more about installing packages.

Source Distribution

requests-0.9.1.tar.gz (55.5 kB view hashes)

Uploaded source

Supported by

AWS AWS Cloud computing and Security Sponsor Datadog Datadog Monitoring Fastly Fastly CDN Google Google Download Analytics Microsoft Microsoft PSF Sponsor Pingdom Pingdom Monitoring Sentry Sentry Error logging StatusPage StatusPage Status page