Selenium Client Driver

Introduction

Python language bindings for Selenium WebDriver.

The selenium package is used to automate web browser interaction from Python.

Home:	https://selenium.dev
Docs:	selenium package API
Dev:	https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/Selenium
PyPI:	https://pypi.org/project/selenium/
IRC:	#selenium channel on LiberaChat

Several browsers/drivers are supported (Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer), as well as the Remote protocol.

Supported Python Versions

Python 3.7+

Installing

If you have pip on your system, you can simply install or upgrade the Python bindings:

pip install -U selenium

Alternately, you can download the source distribution from PyPI (e.g. selenium-4.9.0.tar.gz), unarchive it, and run:

python setup.py install

Note: You may want to consider using virtualenv to create isolated Python environments.

Drivers

Selenium requires a driver to interface with the chosen browser. Firefox, for example, requires geckodriver, which needs to be installed before the below examples can be run. Make sure it’s in your PATH, e. g., place it in /usr/bin or /usr/local/bin.

Failure to observe this step will give you an error selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: ‘geckodriver’ executable needs to be in PATH.

Other supported browsers will have their own drivers available. Links to some of the more popular browser drivers follow.

Chrome:	https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads
Edge:	https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/
Firefox:	https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
Safari:	https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/

Example 0:

open a new Firefox browser
load the page at the given URL

from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('http://selenium.dev/')

Example 1:

open a new Firefox browser
load the Yahoo homepage
search for “seleniumhq”
close the browser

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

browser = webdriver.Firefox()

browser.get('http://www.yahoo.com')
assert 'Yahoo' in browser.title

elem = browser.find_element(By.NAME, 'p')  # Find the search box
elem.send_keys('seleniumhq' + Keys.RETURN)

browser.quit()

Example 2:

Selenium WebDriver is often used as a basis for testing web applications. Here is a simple example using Python’s standard unittest library:

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver

class GoogleTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.addCleanup(self.browser.quit)

    def test_page_title(self):
        self.browser.get('http://www.google.com')
        self.assertIn('Google', self.browser.title)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main(verbosity=2)

Selenium Server (optional)

For normal WebDriver scripts (non-Remote), the Java server is not needed.

However, to use Selenium Webdriver Remote or the legacy Selenium API (Selenium-RC), you need to also run the Selenium server. The server requires a Java Runtime Environment (JRE).

Download the server separately, from: https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/

Run the server from the command line:

java -jar selenium-server-4.6.0.jar

Then run your Python client scripts.

Use The Source Luke!

View source code online:

official:

https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/tree/trunk/py

Contributing

Create a branch for your work

Ensure tox is installed (using a virtualenv is recommended)

python3.7 -m venv .venv && . .venv/bin/activate && pip install tox

After making changes, before committing execute tox -e linting

If tox exits 0, commit and push otherwise fix the newly introduced breakages.

flake8 requires manual fixes

black will often rewrite the breakages automatically, however the files are unstaged and should staged again.

isort will often rewrite the breakages automatically, however the files are unstaged and should staged again.

Release files for selenium 4.9.0

For a detailed explanation of source distributions (sdists) and built distributions (wheels), please see the package formats documentation.

Source distribution (sdist)

Source distribution for selenium 4.9.0
File	Size	Uploaded
selenium-4.9.0.tar.gz	6.3 MB	Apr 21, 2023	Details

Built distribution (wheel)

Table of built distributions (wheels) for selenium 4.9.0
File	Interpreter	ABI	Platform	Reset
selenium-4.9.0-py3-none-any.whl 6.5 MB Apr 21, 2023	Python 3	none	any	Details

Total release size: 12.9 MB

Release files / selenium-4.9.0.tar.gz

Download URL	selenium-4.9.0.tar.gz
Size	6.3 MB
Tags	Source
SHA-256 checksum How to use checksums	`478fae77cdfaec32adb1e68d59632c8c191f920535282abcaa2d1a3d98655624`
BLAKE2b-256 checksum How to use checksums	`f6353c910146da7f0f96602bec4463727f312f0c838220f0725232674b242df5`
Upload date	Apr 21, 2023
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing?	No
Uploaded via	`twine/4.0.0 CPython/3.9.12`

Release files / selenium-4.9.0-py3-none-any.whl

Download URL	selenium-4.9.0-py3-none-any.whl
Size	6.5 MB
Tags	Python 3
SHA-256 checksum How to use checksums	`4c19e6aac202719373108d53a5a8e9336ba8d2b25822ca32ae6ff37acbabbdbe`
BLAKE2b-256 checksum How to use checksums	`5b0915398660794aef649e8d51fdc1d150c4ce747d9a8565c92c5159f1158d56`
Upload date	Apr 21, 2023
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing?	No
Uploaded via	`twine/4.0.0 CPython/3.9.12`