aiohttp 2.3.2

Async http client/server framework (asyncio)

Async http client/server framework

Key Features

• Supports both client and server side of HTTP protocol.

• Supports both client and server Web-Sockets out-of-the-box.

• Web-server has middlewares and pluggable routing.

Getting started

Client

To retrieve something from the web:

import aiohttp
import asyncio
import async_timeout

async def fetch(session, url):
    with async_timeout.timeout(10):
        async with session.get(url) as response:
            return await response.text()

async def main():
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        html = await fetch(session, 'http://python.org')
        print(html)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    loop.run_until_complete(main())

Server

This is simple usage example:

from aiohttp import web

async def handle(request):
    name = request.match_info.get('name', "Anonymous")
    text = "Hello, " + name
    return web.Response(text=text)

async def wshandler(request):
    ws = web.WebSocketResponse()
    await ws.prepare(request)

    async for msg in ws:
        if msg.type == web.MsgType.text:
            await ws.send_str("Hello, {}".format(msg.data))
        elif msg.type == web.MsgType.binary:
            await ws.send_bytes(msg.data)
        elif msg.type == web.MsgType.close:
            break

    return ws


app = web.Application()
app.router.add_get('/echo', wshandler)
app.router.add_get('/', handle)
app.router.add_get('/{name}', handle)

web.run_app(app)

Note: examples are written for Python 3.5+ and utilize PEP-492 aka async/await. If you are using Python 3.4 please replace await with yield from and async def with @coroutine e.g.:

async def coro(...):
    ret = await f()

should be replaced by:

@asyncio.coroutine
def coro(...):
    ret = yield from f()

Documentation

https://aiohttp.readthedocs.io/

External links

• Third party libraries

• Built with aiohttp

• Powered by aiohttp

Feel free to make a Pull Request for adding your link to these pages!

Communication channels

aio-libs google group: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/aio-libs

Feel free to post your questions and ideas here.

gitter chat https://gitter.im/aio-libs/Lobby

We support Stack Overflow. Please add aiohttp tag to your question there.

Requirements

• Python >= 3.4.2

• async-timeout

• chardet

• multidict

• yarl

Optionally you may install the cChardet and aiodns libraries (highly recommended for sake of speed).

License

aiohttp is offered under the Apache 2 license.

Keepsafe

The aiohttp community would like to thank Keepsafe (https://www.getkeepsafe.com) for it’s support in the early days of the project.

Source code

The latest developer version is available in a github repository: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp

Benchmarks

If you are interested in by efficiency, AsyncIO community maintains a list of benchmarks on the official wiki: https://github.com/python/asyncio/wiki/Benchmarks

Changelog

2.3.2 (2017-11-01)

• Fix passing client max size on cloning request obj. (#2385)

• Fix ClientConnectorSSLError and ClientProxyConnectionError for proxy connector. (#2408)

• Drop generated _http_parser shared object from tarball distribution. (#2414)

• Fix connector convert OSError to ClientConnectorError. (#2423)

• Fix connection attempts for multiple dns hosts. (#2424)

• Fix ValueError for AF_INET6 sockets if a preexisting INET6 socket to the aiohttp.web.run_app function. (#2431)

• _SessionRequestContextManager closes the session properly now. (#2441)

• Rename from_env to trust_env in client reference. (#2451)

2.3.1 (2017-10-18)

• Relax attribute lookup in warning about old-styled middleware (#2340)

2.3.0 (2017-10-18)

Features

• Add SSL related params to ClientSession.request (#1128)

• Make enable_compression work on HTTP/1.0 (#1828)

• Deprecate registering synchronous web handlers (#1993)

• Switch to multidict 3.0. All HTTP headers preserve casing now but compared in case-insensitive way. (#1994)

• Improvement for normalize_path_middleware. Added possibility to handle URLs with query string. (#1995)

• Use towncrier for CHANGES.txt build (#1997)

• Implement trust_env=True param in ClientSession. (#1998)

• Added variable to customize proxy headers (#2001)

• Implement router.add_routes and router decorators. (#2004)

• Deprecated BaseRequest.has_body in favor of BaseRequest.can_read_body Added BaseRequest.body_exists attribute that stays static for the lifetime of the request (#2005)

• Provide BaseRequest.loop attribute (#2024)

• Make _CoroGuard awaitable and fix ClientSession.close warning message (#2026)

• Responses to redirects without Location header are returned instead of raising a RuntimeError (#2030)

• Added get_client, get_server, setUpAsync and tearDownAsync methods to AioHTTPTestCase (#2032)

• Add automatically a SafeChildWatcher to the test loop (#2058)

• add ability to disable automatic response decompression (#2110)

• Add support for throttling DNS request, avoiding the requests saturation when there is a miss in the DNS cache and many requests getting into the connector at the same time. (#2111)

• Use request for getting access log information instead of message/transport pair. Add RequestBase.remote property for accessing to IP of client initiated HTTP request. (#2123)

• json() raises a ContentTypeError exception if the content-type does not meet the requirements instead of raising a generic ClientResponseError. (#2136)

• Make the HTTP client able to return HTTP chunks when chunked transfer encoding is used. (#2150)

• add append_version arg into StaticResource.url and StaticResource.url_for methods for getting an url with hash (version) of the file. (#2157)

• Fix parsing the Forwarded header. * commas and semicolons are allowed inside quoted-strings; * empty forwarded-pairs (as in for=_1;;by=_2) are allowed; * non-standard parameters are allowed (although this alone could be easily done in the previous parser). (#2173)

• Don’t require ssl module to run. aiohttp does not require SSL to function. The code paths involved with SSL will only be hit upon SSL usage. Raise RuntimeError if HTTPS protocol is required but ssl module is not present. (#2221)

• Accept coroutine fixtures in pytest plugin (#2223)

• Call shutdown_asyncgens before event loop closing on Python 3.6. (#2227)

• Speed up Signals when there are no receivers (#2229)

• Raise InvalidURL instead of ValueError on fetches with invalid URL. (#2241)

• Move DummyCookieJar into cookiejar.py (#2242)

• run_app: Make print=None disable printing (#2260)

• Support brotli encoding (generic-purpose lossless compression algorithm) (#2270)

• Add server support for WebSockets Per-Message Deflate. Add client option to add deflate compress header in WebSockets request header. If calling ClientSession.ws_connect() with compress=15 the client will support deflate compress negotiation. (#2273)

• Support verify_ssl, fingerprint, ssl_context and proxy_headers by client.ws_connect. (#2292)

• Added aiohttp.ClientConnectorSSLError when connection fails due ssl.SSLError (#2294)

• aiohttp.web.Application.make_handler support access_log_class (#2315)

• Build HTTP parser extension in non-strict mode by default. (#2332)

Bugfixes

• Clear auth information on redirecting to other domain (#1699)

• Fix missing app.loop on startup hooks during tests (#2060)

• Fix issue with synchronous session closing when using ClientSession as an asynchronous context manager. (#2063)

• Fix issue with CookieJar incorrectly expiring cookies in some edge cases. (#2084)

• Force use of IPv4 during test, this will make tests run in a Docker container (#2104)

• Warnings about unawaited coroutines now correctly point to the user’s code. (#2106)

• Fix issue with IndexError being raised by the StreamReader.iter_chunks() generator. (#2112)

• Support HTTP 308 Permanent redirect in client class. (#2114)

• Fix FileResponse sending empty chunked body on 304. (#2143)

• Do not add Content-Length: 0 to GET/HEAD/TRACE/OPTIONS requests by default. (#2167)

• Fix parsing the Forwarded header according to RFC 7239. (#2170)

• Securely determining remote/scheme/host #2171 (#2171)

• Fix header name parsing, if name is split into multiple lines (#2183)

• Handle session close during connection, KeyError: <aiohttp.connector._TransportPlaceholder> (#2193)

• Fixes uncaught TypeError in helpers.guess_filename if name is not a string (#2201)

• Raise OSError on async DNS lookup if resolved domain is an alias for another one, which does not have an A or CNAME record. (#2231)

• Fix incorrect warning in StreamReader. (#2251)

• Properly clone state of web request (#2284)

• Fix C HTTP parser for cases when status line is split into different TCP packets. (#2311)

• Fix web.FileResponse overriding user supplied Content-Type (#2317)

Improved Documentation

• Add a note about possible performance degradation in await resp.text() if charset was not provided by Content-Type HTTP header. Pass explicit encoding to solve it. (#1811)

• Drop disqus widget from documentation pages. (#2018)

• Add a graceful shutdown section to the client usage documentation. (#2039)

• Document connector_owner parameter. (#2072)

• Update the doc of web.Application (#2081)

• Fix mistake about access log disabling. (#2085)

• Add example usage of on_startup and on_shutdown signals by creating and disposing an aiopg connection engine. (#2131)

• Document encoded=True for yarl.URL, it disables all yarl transformations. (#2198)

• Document that all app’s middleware factories are run for every request. (#2225)

• Reflect the fact that default resolver is threaded one starting from aiohttp 1.1 (#2228)

Deprecations and Removals

• Drop deprecated Server.finish_connections (#2006)

• Drop %O format from logging, use %b instead. Drop %e format from logging, environment variables are not supported anymore. (#2123)

• Drop deprecated secure_proxy_ssl_header support (#2171)

• Removed TimeService in favor of simple caching. TimeService also had a bug where it lost about 0.5 seconds per second. (#2176)

• Drop unused response_factory from static files API (#2290)

Misc

• #2013, #2014, #2048, #2094, #2149, #2187, #2214, #2225, #2243, #2248

2.2.5 (2017-08-03)

• Don’t raise deprecation warning on loop.run_until_complete(client.close()) (#2065)

2.2.4 (2017-08-02)

• Fix issue with synchronous session closing when using ClientSession as an asynchronous context manager. (#2063)

2.2.3 (2017-07-04)

• Fix _CoroGuard for python 3.4

2.2.2 (2017-07-03)

• Allow await session.close() along with yield from session.close()

2.2.1 (2017-07-02)

• Relax yarl requirement to 0.11+

• Backport #2026: session.close is a coroutine (#2029)

2.2.0 (2017-06-20)

• Add doc for add_head, update doc for add_get. (#1944)

• Fixed consecutive calls for Response.write_eof.

• Retain method attributes (e.g. __doc__) when registering synchronous handlers for resources. (#1953)

• Added signal TERM handling in run_app to gracefully exit (#1932)

• Fix websocket issues caused by frame fragmentation. (#1962)

• Raise RuntimeError is you try to set the Content Length and enable chunked encoding at the same time (#1941)

• Small update for unittest_run_loop

• Use CIMultiDict for ClientRequest.skip_auto_headers (#1970)

• Fix wrong startup sequence: test server and run_app() are not raise DeprecationWarning now (#1947)

• Make sure cleanup signal is sent if startup signal has been sent (#1959)

• Fixed server keep-alive handler, could cause 100% cpu utilization (#1955)

• Connection can be destroyed before response get processed if await aiohttp.request(..) is used (#1981)

• MultipartReader does not work with -OO (#1969)

• Fixed ClientPayloadError with blank Content-Encoding header (#1931)

• Support deflate encoding implemented in httpbin.org/deflate (#1918)

• Fix BadStatusLine caused by extra CRLF after POST data (#1792)

• Keep a reference to ClientSession in response object (#1985)

• Deprecate undocumented app.on_loop_available signal (#1978)

2.1.0 (2017-05-26)

• Added support for experimental async-tokio event loop written in Rust https://github.com/PyO3/tokio

• Write to transport \r\n before closing after keepalive timeout, otherwise client can not detect socket disconnection. (#1883)

• Only call loop.close in run_app if the user did not supply a loop. Useful for allowing clients to specify their own cleanup before closing the asyncio loop if they wish to tightly control loop behavior

• Content disposition with semicolon in filename (#917)

• Added request_info to response object and ClientResponseError. (#1733)

• Added history to ClientResponseError. (#1741)

• Allow to disable redirect url re-quoting (#1474)

• Handle RuntimeError from transport (#1790)

• Dropped “%O” in access logger (#1673)

• Added args and kwargs to unittest_run_loop. Useful with other decorators, for example @patch. (#1803)

• Added iter_chunks to response.content object. (#1805)

• Avoid creating TimerContext when there is no timeout to allow compatibility with Tornado. (#1817) (#1180)

• Add proxy_from_env to ClientRequest to read from environment variables. (#1791)

• Add DummyCookieJar helper. (#1830)

• Fix assertion errors in Python 3.4 from noop helper. (#1847)

• Do not unquote + in match_info values (#1816)

• Use Forwarded, X-Forwarded-Scheme and X-Forwarded-Host for better scheme and host resolution. (#1134)

• Fix sub-application middlewares resolution order (#1853)

• Fix applications comparison (#1866)

• Fix static location in index when prefix is used (#1662)

• Make test server more reliable (#1896)

• Extend list of web exceptions, add HTTPUnprocessableEntity, HTTPFailedDependency, HTTPInsufficientStorage status codes (#1920)

2.0.7 (2017-04-12)

• Fix pypi distribution

• Fix exception description (#1807)

• Handle socket error in FileResponse (#1773)

• Cancel websocket heartbeat on close (#1793)

2.0.6 (2017-04-04)

• Keeping blank values for request.post() and multipart.form() (#1765)

• TypeError in data_received of ResponseHandler (#1770)

• Fix web.run_app not to bind to default host-port pair if only socket is passed (#1786)

2.0.5 (2017-03-29)

• Memory leak with aiohttp.request (#1756)

• Disable cleanup closed ssl transports by default.

• Exception in request handling if the server responds before the body is sent (#1761)

2.0.4 (2017-03-27)

• Memory leak with aiohttp.request (#1756)

• Encoding is always UTF-8 in POST data (#1750)

• Do not add “Content-Disposition” header by default (#1755)

2.0.3 (2017-03-24)

• Call https website through proxy will cause error (#1745)

• Fix exception on multipart/form-data post if content-type is not set (#1743)

2.0.2 (2017-03-21)

• Fixed Application.on_loop_available signal (#1739)

• Remove debug code

2.0.1 (2017-03-21)

• Fix allow-head to include name on route (#1737)

• Fixed AttributeError in WebSocketResponse.can_prepare (#1736)

2.0.0 (2017-03-20)

• Added json to ClientSession.request() method (#1726)

• Added session’s raise_for_status parameter, automatically calls raise_for_status() on any request. (#1724)

• response.json() raises ClientReponseError exception if response’s content type does not match (#1723)

  • Cleanup timer and loop handle on any client exception.

• Deprecate loop parameter for Application’s constructor

2.0.0rc1 (2017-03-15)

• Properly handle payload errors (#1710)

• Added ClientWebSocketResponse.get_extra_info() (#1717)

• It is not possible to combine Transfer-Encoding and chunked parameter, same for compress and Content-Encoding (#1655)

• Connector’s limit parameter indicates total concurrent connections. New limit_per_host added, indicates total connections per endpoint. (#1601)

• Use url’s raw_host for name resolution (#1685)

• Change ClientResponse.url to yarl.URL instance (#1654)

• Add max_size parameter to web.Request reading methods (#1133)

• Web Request.post() stores data in temp files (#1469)

• Add the allow_head=True keyword argument for add_get (#1618)

• run_app and the Command Line Interface now support serving over Unix domain sockets for faster inter-process communication.

• run_app now supports passing a preexisting socket object. This can be useful e.g. for socket-based activated applications, when binding of a socket is done by the parent process.

• Implementation for Trailer headers parser is broken (#1619)

• Fix FileResponse to not fall on bad request (range out of file size)

• Fix FileResponse to correct stream video to Chromes

• Deprecate public low-level api (#1657)

• Deprecate encoding parameter for ClientSession.request() method

• Dropped aiohttp.wsgi (#1108)

• Dropped version from ClientSession.request() method

• Dropped websocket version 76 support (#1160)

• Dropped: aiohttp.protocol.HttpPrefixParser (#1590)

• Dropped: Servers response’s .started, .start() and .can_start() method (#1591)

• Dropped: Adding sub app via app.router.add_subapp() is deprecated use app.add_subapp() instead (#1592)

• Dropped: Application.finish() and Application.register_on_finish() (#1602)

• Dropped: web.Request.GET and web.Request.POST

• Dropped: aiohttp.get(), aiohttp.options(), aiohttp.head(), aiohttp.post(), aiohttp.put(), aiohttp.patch(), aiohttp.delete(), and aiohttp.ws_connect() (#1593)

• Dropped: aiohttp.web.WebSocketResponse.receive_msg() (#1605)

• Dropped: ServerHttpProtocol.keep_alive_timeout attribute and keep-alive, keep_alive_on, timeout, log constructor parameters (#1606)

• Dropped: TCPConnector’s` .resolve, .resolved_hosts, .clear_resolved_hosts() attributes and resolve constructor parameter (#1607)

• Dropped ProxyConnector (#1609)